Cross Cultural Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cross Cultural Relations - Essay Example Since the beginning of the humankind history, there were many groups of people or individuals that moved to foreign countries for multiple purposes – for work, getting education, teaching someone, to entertain or just to change the place of residence. Diaries of the most famous travelers, such as Christopher Columbus and Marco Polo are full of descriptions devoted to what the scientists now call â€Å"culture contact†. (Hoerder) With rapid scientific and technological progress, advanced means of communication and transport, more and more people travel abroad, and the range of purposes they tend to achieve, enlarged as well. Many people now travel to share organizational and business experience, study abroad to come back home, many people travel just to see and study cultural background of other countries, some of them come to other countries with peace missions. Unfortunately, political and economical conditions in many countries of the world make many people move abroad as immigrants or refugees. But, regardless of the travel purposes, the notions of cultural contact and cultural shock are relevant for all categories of travelers. (Hoerder) Before examining this phenomenon it’s necessary to give a strict definition of it. At first, it’s necessary to mention that there are some titles to define this phenomenon: â€Å"cross cultural relations†, â€Å"between society culture-contact†, â€Å"cross-cultural interaction† etc. Here is the definition of this phenomenon provided by Bochner: â€Å"between society culture-contact refers to individuals who travel beyond their countries of origin for a particular purpose and for a specified period of time, and the relationships they establish with members of the host society†. (1986, p.23) There are also some necessary terms used to describe these relations, for instance â€Å"sojourner†. This term is used to refer to â€Å"culture travellers, indicating that they are temporary visitors intending to return home after

Analysing Amazon Website From The Usability Point Of View Dissertation

Analysing Amazon Website From The Usability Point Of View - Dissertation Example Literature Review 3. Research Methodology and Design 3.1 Tools Employed in Evidence Gathering 3.2 Questionnaires 3.3 Interviews 3.4 Observations 4. Implementation 4.1 Visual Appeal of Amazon 4.2 Homepage of Amazon.com 4.3 Log-in Screen 4.4 Shipping to Multiple Addresses 4.5 Learn Availability of Products 4.6 Product Search and Satisfaction 4.7 Reliability and Uptime 4.8 Product Pages 4.9 Integration with International Websites 4.9.1 Co-Branding with Multiple Retailers 4.9.2 The Help Centre 4.9.3 Usability Support for People with Disabilities 5. Evaluation 5.1 The Suggested Solutions 5.2 Limitations of Suggested Solutions 5.3 Works Comparison 6. Conclusion 6.1 Thesis Overview 6.2 Future Works References Appendices 1. Introduction 1.1 Project Overview As the internet has evolved and more industries saw the potential money that could be earned from this platform, shopping and retail companies were not as well left out. An industry that allows internet users to sit in the comfort of thei r own home and use their personal computers to buy goods was created. Throughout the years, there have been various challenges and opportunities that have confronted this industry that ultimately led to the demise of most of them. One company has stood the test of time throughout the various technological and market changes that have confronted e-commerce. That company is amazon.com. From a modest start as an online retailer, it is now a market leader in online retailing. In this project, attention is being paid to the in-depth analysis of amazon.com as an online retail giant, with the primary focus being on the usability of the website from the perspective of the user. This is achieved by analysing existing literature on amazon.com and the conducting of surveys on sample users of the...Limiting factors that affect the usability of amazon.com will be discussed and recommendations made according to the opinions generated from cross-section of the website’s users. As the intern et has evolved and more industries saw the potential money that could be earned from this platform, shopping and retail companies were not as well left out. An industry that allows internet users to sit in the comfort of their own home and use their personal computers to buy goods was created. Throughout the years, there have been various challenges and opportunities that have confronted this industry that ultimately led to the demise of most of them. One company has stood the test of time throughout the various technological and market changes that have confronted e-commerce. That company is amazon.com. From a modest start as an online retailer, it is now a market leader in online retailing. In this project, attention is being paid to the in-depth analysis of amazon.com as an online retail giant, with the primary focus being on the usability of the website from the perspective of the user. This is achieved by analysing existing literature on amazon.com and the conducting of surveys on sample users of the website. Upon these conclusions will be drawn the site’s usability, the challenges that face it and recommendations made on the way forward.

Provide support to maintain and develop skills for everyday life Essay Example for Free

Provide support to maintain and develop skills for everyday life Essay Skills for everyday life allow people to do the things that meet their daily needs. These are also known as activities of daily living that have a direct affect on any individual’s health and well-being. It is often thought that care workers look after people by doing things for them. Another approach is to do things with people. Today care workers should work in partnership with individuals and groups of individuals. Partnership is about working together as equals in order to : -Support the individual to make as many decisions about their care as possible -Support the individual to do as much for themselves as possible. Activities of daily living – skills that directly affect an individual’s everyday health and well- being Partnership – working together as equals. Working in partnership can maintain and develop individual skills . Care workers can still involve the individual even when doing things for them. They consider individual needs when maintaining skills for everyday life. Doing things for individuals: Providing too much care can make people’s problems worse: Individuals can lose skills they once used Individuals do not learn new skills -Individuals do not regain skills they have lost. Read more:  Outline Agreed Ways of Working That Relate to Managing Pain and Discomfort At different stages of life individuals might have different health problems that affect their skills for everyday life.Being aware of the activities of daily living helps care workers understand the problems that individuals might have. Problems with everyday living skills: -Physical health ( Feeling unwell such as with a fever leads to tiredness and inability to carry on with the usual activities of daily living. -Learning disabilities (An individual with learning disabilities might take longer to learn new everyday skills) -Mental health (An individual with mental health problems might neglect themselves so they do not eat and drink) People may not be strong enough to dress themselves or prepare their own meals. -Physical disability (Some physical disabilities prevent individuals  going shopping unsupported) -Social isolation (An individual who is lonely is less likely to communicate with others) Care workers can develop their understanding of an individual’s condition and how best to work in partnership to maintain, regain and develop their skills.If a condition prevents an individual from using skills of everyday life, the result can have a significant impact on the person’s quality of life. The effect of conditions on everyday skills: -Pain -Inconvenience -Isolation -Humiliation -Distress -Discomfort

Pearl of the Indian Ocean | An Overview of Sri Lanka

Pearl of the Indian Ocean | An Overview of Sri Lanka Sri Lanka officially known as Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. It is an island country in the northern Indian ocean of the southern cost of Indian subcontinent in south Asia. It is known until 1972 as Ceylon. Sri Lanka documented history spans three thousand years. It geographic location and deep harbors made it of great strategic importance from the time of ancient silk road through to World War II. Sri Lanka is diverse country home to many religions, ethnicities and languages. The Sinhalese people are the majority although there are many ethnic minorities including Tamils, Muslim moors, Burghers, Kaffirs, Malays and the aboriginal vadda people. Sri Lanka has a rich Buddhist heritage and the first knows Buddhist writings were composed on the island. The countrys recent history has been marred by a thirty-year civil war which decisively but controversially ended in a military victory in 2009. Sri Lanka is a republic and a unitary state governed by a presidential system. The capital Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte named by a president after himself, is a suburb of the largest city Colombo. An important producer of tea, coffee, gemstones, coconuts, rubber and the native cinnamon. Sri Lanka has been called The tear drop of Indian ocean because of its shape and location is known as The pearl of the Indian Ocean because of its natural beauty. It is also known as The nations of smiling people. The island contains tropical forests, and diverse landscape with high biodiversity. The country has had a long history of international engagement, being a founding member of SAARC and a member of United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, G7 and Non- Aligned Movement. Etymology In antiquity, Sri Lanka was known to travelers by a variety of names, such as, Lanka, Sinhala, Taprobane, Serandib, Ceilao, Ceylon. As a British crown colony the island was known as Ceylon and achieved independence as the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948. History The pre-history of Sri Lanka dates back over 125 thousand years before present and possibly even as early as 500,000 BP. The era spans the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and early Iron ages. Among the Paleolithic human settlements discovered in Sri Lanka, Pahiyangala, Batadombalena and Belilena are the most important. The remains of Balangoda Man an anatomically modern human found inside these caves suggests that they may have engaged in agriculture and kept domestic dogs for driving game. One of the first written references to the island is found in the Indian epic Ramayana which provides details of a kingdom named lanka that had been created by the divine sculptor vishwakarma, for Kubera the lord of wealth. It is said that Kubera was overthrown by his demon stepbrother Ravana, the powerful emperor who built a mythical flying machine named Dandu Monara. The modern city of wariyapola is described as Ravanas airport. Ancient History According to Mahavasama a chronicle written in Pali language, the ancient period of Sri Lanka begins in 543 BC with the landing of Vijaya, a semi-legendary king who sailed 860 nautical miles on eight ships to Sri Lanka with 700 followers from the southwest coast of what is now the Rarh region of west Bengal. In Sri Lanka there are kingdoms such as, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Dambadeniya, Yapahuwa, Sithawaka, Gampola, Kotte, Kandy and there are some famous kings in that time they are Pandukabaya, Parakramabahu, Dathusena, walagamba, Dutugamunu, Kawanthissa, Mahasen, Vijaya, Dewanampiyathissa, Sri Vikramarajasingha. According to this there are so many religious places in ancient history like Ruwanwali mahasaya, Thuparamaya, Jaya sri maha bodiya, Abayagiriya, Kiriwehera, Sigriya, katharagama, Temple of Tooth Relic, Mihinthale, Seruwavila, Yapahuwa etc. Sri Lankan dynastic history spanned a period of 2359 years, from 543 BC toad 1815 until the land became part of the British Empire. Independence The Soulbury constitution ushered in Dominion status, with independence proclaimed on 4 February 1948. Sir D. S. Senanayake became the first Prime Minister of Ceylon. Prominent Tamil leaders like Ponnambalam and Arunachalam Mahadeva joined his cabinet. The British Royal Navy remained stationed at Trincomalee until 1956. A countrywide popular demonstration against withdrawal of the rice ration, known as Hartal 1953, resulted in the resignation of prime minister Dudley Senanayake. S. W. R. D. Bandaranayke was elected prime minister in 1956. His three-year rule had a profound impact, through his self-proclaimed role of defender of the besieged Sinhalese culture. He introduced the controversial Sinhala Only Act, recognizing Sinhala as the only official language of the government. Although partially reversed in 1958, the bill posed a grave concern for the Tamil community, which perceived in it a threat to their language and culture. The Federal Party (FP) launched a movement of non-violen t resistance (satyagraha) against the bill, which prompted Bandaranayake to reach an agreement (Bandaranayake-Chelvanayakam Pact) with S. J. V. Chelvanayakam, leader of the FP, to resolve the looming ethnic conflict. However the pact proved ineffective in the face of ongoing protests by opposition and the Buddhist clergy. The bill, together with various government colonization schemes, contributed much towards the political rancour between Sinhalese and Tamil political leaders. Bandaranayake was assassinated by an extremist Buddhist monk in 1959. Madam Sirimavo Bandaranayake, the widow of late S. W. R. D. Bandaranayake, took office as prime minister in 1960, and She was the first lady prime minister in the world. During her second term as prime minister, the government instituted socialist economic policies, strengthening ties with the Soviet Union and China, while promoting a policy of non-alignment. In 1971, Ceylon experienced a Marxist insurrection, which was quickly suppressed. In 1972, the country became a republic named Sri Lanka, repudiating its dominion status. From 1983, ethnic tensions were manifested in on-and-off insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Because of this (LTTE) tigers so many bombs were blasted and result of that lots of Political Leaders, Celebrities, and Civilians were dead. In 2009, under the Presidency of Mahinda Rajapaksa the Sri Lanka Armed Forces defeated the LTTE, and re-established control of the entire country by the Sri Lankan Government. Finally Sri Lanka has emerged from its 26-year war to become one of the fastest growing economies of the world. Geography The island consists mostly of flat-to-rolling coastal plains, with mountains rising only in the south-central port. The highest point piduruthalagala, reaching 2,524 meters (8,281 ft) above sea level. The climate is tropical and warm, due to the moderating effect of ocean winds. Mean temperature ranges from 17 Â °C (62.6 Â °F) in the central highlands, where frost may occur for several days in the winter, to a maximum of 33 Â °C (91.4 Â °F) in other low-altitude areas. In Sri Lanka rainfall pattern is influenced by monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal. The longest of the 103 rivers in the country is Mahaweli River, covering 335 kilometers (208 mi). These waterways give rise to 51 natural waterfalls of 10 meters or more. The highest is Bambarakanda Falls, with a height of 263 meters (863 ft). Sri Lanka inherits 45 estuaries and 40 lagoons too. The island is rich with minerals such as Ilmenite, Feldspar, Graphite, Silica, Kaolin, Mica and Thorium. Flora and Fauna Lying within the Indomalaya ecozone, Sri Lanka is one of 25 biodiversity hotspots in the world. Although the country is relatively small in size, it has the highest biodiversity density in Asia. Remarkably high proportion of the species among its flora and fauna, 27% of the 3,210 flowering plants and 22% of the mammals, are endemic. Sri Lanka has declared 24 wildlife reserves, which are home to a wide range of native species such as Asian elephants, leopards, sloth bears, the unique small lories, a variety of deer, the purple-faced langur, the endangered wild boar, porcupines and anteaters. Among the trees of the dry-land forests are valuable species such as satinwood, ebony, ironwood, mahogany and teak. These are the famous National Parks in Sri Lanka Yala, Wilpaththu, Sinharaja, Udawalawa and Kumana Bird Sanctuary. Politics Sri Lanka is the oldest democracy in South Asia. The Donoughmore Constitution, drafted by the Donoughmore Commission in 1931 enabled general elections with adult universal suffrage (universal adult franchise) in the country. It was the first time a non-Caucasian country within the empires of Western Europe was given one man, one vote and the power to control domestic affairs. The first election under the universal adult franchise, held in June 1931, was for the Ceylon State Council. Sir D. B. Jayatilaka was elected as the Leader of the House. In 1944, the Soulbury Commission was appointed to draft a new constitution. During this time, struggle for Independence was fought on constitutionalist lines under the leadership of D. S. Senanayake. The draft constitution was enacted in the same year and Senanayake was appointed as the Prime Minister from the parliamentary election in 1947. The Soulbury constitution ushered in Dominion status and Independence to Sri Lanka in 1948. Current politics in Sri Lanka is a contest between two rival coalitions led by the centre-leftist and progressivity United Peoples Freedom Alliance (UPFA), an offspring of Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP), and the comparatively right-wing and pro-capitalist United National Party (UNP). Sri Lanka is essentially a multi-party democracy with many smaller Buddhist, socialist and Tamil nationalist political parties. Rest of other parties are Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP), Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (ITAK), Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) and Sri Lanka Muslim Congress. Government National Symbols of Sri Lanka Flag Lion Flag Emblem- Gold Lion Passant Anthem- Sri Lanka Matha Butterfly- Troides darsius Bird- Sri Lanka Jungle fowl Flower- Red and Blue Water Lily Tree- Ceylon Ironwood (Na) Sport- Volleyball Sri Lanka is a democratic republic and a unitary state which is governed by a semi-presidential system, with a mixture of a presidential system and a parliamentary system. It constitutes a parliamentary system governed under the constitution. Most provisions of the constitution can be amended by a two-thirds majority in parliament. However, the amendment of certain basic features such as the clauses on language, religion, and reference to Sri Lanka as a unitary state require both two-thirds majority and approval at a nation-wide referendum. Economy According to the International Monetary Fund, Sri Lanka has a yearly gross domestic output of US$59 billion as of 2010. It has a GDP of US$116 billion in terms of purchasing power parity. Sri Lanka is next only to Maldives in the South Asian region in terms of per capita income, with a nominal value of US$2,877 and PPP value of US$5,673. It recorded a GDP growth of 8.3% in 2011. In the 19th and 20th centuries, Sri Lanka became a plantation economy, famous for its production and export of cinnamon, rubber and Ceylon tea, which remains a trademark national export. The development of modern ports under British rule raised the strategic importance of the island as a centre of trade. From 1948 to 1977 socialism strongly influenced the governments economic policies. Colonial plantations were dismantled, industries were nationalized and a welfare state established. In 1977 the free market economy was introduced to the country, incorporating privatization, deregulation and the promotion of private enterprise. While the production and export of tea, rubber, coffee, sugar and other commodities remain important, industrialization has increased the importance of food processing, textiles, telecommunications and finance. Main economic sectors of the country are tourism, tea export, clothing, rice production and other agricultural products. In addition to these economic sectors, overseas employment contributes highly in foreign exchange, most of them from the Middle East. The Global Competitiveness Report published by the World Economic Forum has listed Sri Lanka as a transitive economy, from factor-driven stage to efficiency-driven stage, ranking 52nd in the global competitiveness. It also ranked 45th in health and primary education, 32nd in business sophistication, 42nd in innovation and 41st in goods market efficiency out of the 142 countries surveyed. Education With a literacy rate of 92.5%, Sri Lanka has one of the most literate populations amongst developing nations. Its youth literacy rate stands at 98%, computer literacy rate at 35%, and primary school enrolment rate at over 99%. An education system which dictates 9 years of compulsory schooling for every child is in place. The free education system established in 1945 is a result of the initiative of C. W. W. Kannangara (Father of Free Education) and A. Ratnayake. It is one of the few countries in the world that provide universal free education from primary to tertiary stage. Brief Information about Performing Arts in Sri Lanka Cinema of Sri Lanka- Kadawunu Poronduwa (The Broken Promise) heralded the coming of Sri Lankan cinema in 1947. Ranmuthu Duwa (Island of treasures, 1962) marked the transition cinema from black-and-white to colour. The Music in Sri Lanka-it came from theatrical performances such as Sokari, Kolam and Nadagam. Traditional Music instruments such as Bera, Thammattama, Daula, Rabana, Thalampata and etc. The Dancing in Sri Lanka- There are three main styles of Sri Lankan classical dance such as Kandyan Dancing (Hill country), Pahatharata (Low country), and Sabaragamu. The history of Sri Lankan painting and sculpture can be traced as far back as to the 2nd or 3rd century BC. The earliest mention about the art of painting on Mahavasama is to the drawing of a palace on cloth using cinnabar in the 2nd century BC. The chronicles have description of various paintings in relic-chambers of Buddhist stupas, and in monastic residence. Culture, Food and Festivals Culture The culture of Sri Lanka dates back over 2500 years. It is influenced primarily by Buddhism and Hinduism. Ancient Sri Lanka is marked for its genius in hydraulic engineering and architecture. The rich cultural traditions shared by all Sri Lankan cultures is the basis of the countrys long life expectancy, advanced health standards and high literacy rate. Food Sri Lankans staple food is Rice but in every special movement, Sri Lankans make Kiri Bath (Milk Rice) and Lunumiris. There are so many delicious dishes in this country such as rice and curry, pittu, whole meat Roti, hoppers,String hoppers, wattalapam (special pudding), koththu and Jackfruit. Traditionally food is served on a plantain leaf. Moors special dish is Biriyani, Catholics-Christmas Cake, Hindus- Specially Veg meal. Festivals In April, Sri Lankans celebrate the Buddhist and Hindu New Year festival. In addition, Esala Perahera, a symbolic Buddhist festival consisting of dances and richly decorated elephants, is held in Kandy, during the month of August. Fire-dances, whip-dances, Kandian dances and various other cultural dances are integral parts of the festival. Tamils celebrate Thai Pongal, Maha Shivaratri, Catholics celebrate Christmas, Good Friday and Muslims celebrate Hajj, Ramadan in their respective days of the year. Media Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation (formerly Radio Ceylon) is the oldest-running radio station in Asia, established in 1923 by Edward Harper just three years after broadcasting began in Europe. The station broadcasts services in Sinhalese, Tamil, English and Hindi. Since the 1980s, a large number of private radio stations have also been introduced. Broadcast television was introduced to the country in 1979 when the Independent Television Network was launched. Initially all Television stations were state controlled, but private television networks began broadcasts in 1992. As of 2010, 51 newspapers (30 Sinhala, 10 Tamil, 11 English) are published and 34 TV stations and 52 radio stations are in operation. Sports While the national sport in Sri Lanka is Volleyball by far the most popular sport in the country is cricket. Rugby union also enjoys extensive popularity. As do athletics, Football (soccer) and Tennis. Sri Lanka national cricket world cup won 1996. Former Sri Lankan off spinner Muththaiah Muralitharan been rated as greatest Test Match Cricketers Almanac. Sri Lanka also wins so many medals in Olympic Games. Aquatic sports such as Boating, Surfing, Swimming, kite surfing and Scuba-diving on the coastal, the beaches and backwaters attract a large number of Sir Lanka and foreign tourists. There are two styles of martial arts native to Sri Lanka, Cheena di and Angampora.

Historical Misconceptions About Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy :: American America History

All Presidents have faced the challenge of keeping people united in times of conflict and turmoil; this specifically applied to Presidents Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. They were faced with solving delicate situations involving segregation and the civil rights of American citizens in two different centuries. While there has been the enduring impression that both presidents held high ideals with regard to the African American population, a closer examination of history could lead one to believe that Lincoln was the false freer of the enslaved and Kennedy was the false figurehead for the Civil Rights movement. Abraham Lincoln entered his first term as president following the leaders Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan. Pierce was known as "an outspoken critic of federal involvement in state and locale issues" (http://www.npr.org). His veto of a bill which would have provided services and support for the mentally handicapped "established the rationale behind government uninvolvement in public health issues into the twentieth century" (http://www.npr.org). This climate of governmental uninvolvement persisted into the term of James Buchanan, a time well-known for the Dred Scott decision, which stated that "congress had no constitutional power to deprive persons of their property rights in slaves in the territories" (http://www.whitehouse.gov). Later, Buchanan "reverted to a policy of inactivity that continued until he left office" (http://www.whitehouse.gov). Therefore, upon entering office, Lincoln found the stage set for an uphill climb with a sharply divided country and a government unused to active leadership by a president whose main agenda was to unite the country, even if this meant an involvement in previously "untouchable" states rights. The issue of slavery was at the center of the controversies, and decisions in the previous two administrations only compounded the difficulties encountered in any actions that Lincoln might make. The issue of segregation continued even up to one hundred years later when Kennedy became president following Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower. However, unlike Pierce and Buchanan, the decisions and actions of both of these presidents should have made any stand that Kennedy would take for the civil rights movement easier. After World War Two had ended, Truman proposed twenty-one main policy points for the betterment of America in an attempt to calm the unrest among the American workers, as this was a time of many labor strikes and problems involving citizens who were unsatisfied with the economy. These twenty-one points included innovations such as minimum wage, guaranteed employment, medical insurance, housing aid, improving benefits for war veterans, and price and wage controls. Historical Misconceptions About Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy :: American America History All Presidents have faced the challenge of keeping people united in times of conflict and turmoil; this specifically applied to Presidents Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. They were faced with solving delicate situations involving segregation and the civil rights of American citizens in two different centuries. While there has been the enduring impression that both presidents held high ideals with regard to the African American population, a closer examination of history could lead one to believe that Lincoln was the false freer of the enslaved and Kennedy was the false figurehead for the Civil Rights movement. Abraham Lincoln entered his first term as president following the leaders Franklin Pierce and James Buchanan. Pierce was known as "an outspoken critic of federal involvement in state and locale issues" (http://www.npr.org). His veto of a bill which would have provided services and support for the mentally handicapped "established the rationale behind government uninvolvement in public health issues into the twentieth century" (http://www.npr.org). This climate of governmental uninvolvement persisted into the term of James Buchanan, a time well-known for the Dred Scott decision, which stated that "congress had no constitutional power to deprive persons of their property rights in slaves in the territories" (http://www.whitehouse.gov). Later, Buchanan "reverted to a policy of inactivity that continued until he left office" (http://www.whitehouse.gov). Therefore, upon entering office, Lincoln found the stage set for an uphill climb with a sharply divided country and a government unused to active leadership by a president whose main agenda was to unite the country, even if this meant an involvement in previously "untouchable" states rights. The issue of slavery was at the center of the controversies, and decisions in the previous two administrations only compounded the difficulties encountered in any actions that Lincoln might make. The issue of segregation continued even up to one hundred years later when Kennedy became president following Harry S. Truman and Dwight D. Eisenhower. However, unlike Pierce and Buchanan, the decisions and actions of both of these presidents should have made any stand that Kennedy would take for the civil rights movement easier. After World War Two had ended, Truman proposed twenty-one main policy points for the betterment of America in an attempt to calm the unrest among the American workers, as this was a time of many labor strikes and problems involving citizens who were unsatisfied with the economy. These twenty-one points included innovations such as minimum wage, guaranteed employment, medical insurance, housing aid, improving benefits for war veterans, and price and wage controls.

Urban Legend of Vanishing Hitchhiker in Pakistan Essay -- Urban Legend

The Vanishing Hitchhiker in Pakistan During my search for stories, I met a sophomore, nineteen year old male student who is majoring in Chemistry and Math. His parents are from Muzaffarabad, Pakistan. Currently, he lives in Maryland. His father is a cardiologist and his mother is a housewife. His parents immigrated to the United States in the 1970's. The source says this story is known by almost three quarters of the people living in Pakistan. His uncle initially told him the story when he went back to Pakistan for the first time. The story takes place in the mountainous regions of Pakistan that are fairly remote from civilization. However, other versions take place in a middle of small towns. One day, a man is driving along a road that is often surrounded by repetitive landscape, such as continuous mountains and plains. Upon driving for quite some time, he spots a silhouette of a woman a kilometer down the road. As he gets closer, he realizes that it is a young woman wearing a slender white dress, and from her expression, he deduces that she has lost her way and needs to get home. From a quick glimpse at her face, he realizes that she is very beautiful. Confused, but being the caring gentleman that he is, he offers her a ride back to her home. She meekly nods as she slowly enters the car and sits in the passenger seat. He begins talking to her, and the subject matter often varies in different variations, but the consensus is that it is small talk. From the moment she speaks, he is astonished by her beautiful voice. Before long, the man actually becomes attracted to her. They continue talking as he continues driving. At one point in their conversation, he reaches to the right to get his drink by his sid... ...s of society will not recognize one in an encounter either. This reflects the fear that one cannot distinguish the real world from the supernatural world. Works Cited Bennett, Gillian. The Vanishing Hitchhiker at Forty-Five. Long Beach: Western States Folklore Society, 1998. Brunvand, Jan Harold. The Vanishing Hitchhiker: American Urban Legends & Their Meanings. New York: W. W. Norton, 1981. Littlejohn, Carol. "Urban Legends and Other Scary Stories." Unknown journal.15.2 (1996): 27-31. Okonowicz, Ed. Baltimore Ghosts: History, Mystery, Legends, and Lore. Elkton: Myst and Lace Publishing, 2004. Turetsky, Rita. Ghosts and Evil Spirits. Publication information unknown. Wilson, Michael. "The Point of Horror: The Relationship Between Teenage Popular Horror Fiction and the Oral Repertoire." Children's Literature in Education 31.1 (2000): 31-40.

Blender Blade Component Analysis Engineering Essay

The blade constituent in the liquidizer is map to suppression and blending the ingredient with a really fast revolving velocity. First we need to understand the construction of the blade to enable the blade execute the procedure like sliting and softening. We know blade necessitate to be fixed under high rotational velocity operation, therefore the blade must hold the high modulus of rigidness to forestall any deformation during the operation. It is because the shearing force Acts of the Apostless on the blade is really high due to its velocity. Since it is rotate in high velocity when the nutrient are being dump into the nutrient container, it will do a impact acts on the blade that will do the blade to interrupt or check if the blade do non tough plenty. Besides that, the shaft will maintain in contact with the nutrient and ever expose to the nutrient chemical, therefore it must be entire chemical inert. The corroding procedure must non be occurred to forestall wellness risky incident. The high wear opposition is besides of import to the blade, as it will ever run for the interrupted procedure. The cyclic burden will do fatigue therefore we need difficult blade. Normally wear opposition can be increase by making a coating on the blade. Crisp borders with good strength is besides really of import to enable the blade execute the mincing or crunching procedure expeditiously. The blade is various plenty to cut about all the nutrient stuff that can be intermix if needed, strength once more is needed. Here is the drumhead degree Fahrenheit the liquidizer blade belongingss that we use as guideline in blade stuff choice. Hardness High strength Stainless steel High rigidness High wear opposition2.2 MATERIAL SELECTION2.2.1 BLENDER BLADE MATERIAL SELECTIONIn the choice stuff we must see many facets to guarantee the merchandise that we have made successful in overall facet. There some standards that must be see such as: Physical & A ; Mechanical Considerations Thermal Considerations Chemical Considerations Bearing and Wear Considerations Cost Type of utilizations and etc To get down the material choice of the constituent, we have to utilize the assorted comparing charts to compare diverse of stuff that available. In this clip about, we use the specific stiffness to specific strength, strength to cost, strength to toughness, and immature modulus to denseness. These are primary chart that we use to guarantee our choice. In the specific stiffness to specific strength chart, we can acquire the consequence of the stuff that has medium specific strength and high specific stiffness. This is an of import standard of stiffness in our merchandise. In the strength to be chart, we need to compromise the cost and the strength that we can keep competitory monetary value with the strength for safety. In the immature modulus to density chart, we need to hold the mid scope of denseness to forestall corpulence of merchandise with the high immature modulus. High immature modulus means that the emphasis that the, stuff can defy before it ‘s deform. In between strength and stamina, we need to hold both for the blades do non neglect prematurely particularly face the impact gesture of the nutrient encountered by blades.Figure 3: Strength AND TOUGHNESS COMPARISON CHARTFigure 4: Specific STIFFNESS AND SPECIFIC STRENGTH COMPARISON CHARTFigure 5: Young MODULUS AND DENSITY COMPARISONFigure 6: STRENGHT AND COST COMPARISON CHARTFrom the comparing we have made above, the suited stuff that we can take is chiefly metal stuff either alloyed or non. But we need to see corroding procedure that will that topographic point for ferric metal. Then we can take either alloyed metal or ferric alloyed metal like chromium steel steel. In the consequence we get, we besides found the stuff to applicable to our blade constituent production like ceramics. The ground we do non take it as comparing because of its crispness. We can non hold the toffee will do it crack when it is over it ‘s bound so will do the safety job. Based on the characteristic we found in the constituent, We have decide to compare two stuff in doing blade of liquidizer: Alloy steel Stainless steelAlloy Steel Properties[ 5 ] Alloy steel is the steel that contain some alloying elements like Mo, manganese, nickel, Cr, V, Si and B. Compare with C steel, the belongingss of Alloy steels have greater strength, hardness, hot hardness, wear opposition, hardenability, and Toughness. However, to obtain the require belongingss, they are needed to be heat treated.Stainless Steel Properties[ 6 ] Stainless steel differs from C steel by content of Cr in steel. The chief different belongings of the chromium steel steel is its corrosion opposition. Carbon steel rusts when exposed to air and wet. This Fe oxide movie is active and accelerates corrosion by organizing more Fe oxide. Stainless steels have sufficient sum of Cr nowadays so that a inactive movie of Cr oxide to forestall farther corrosionBlade stuff Comparison ChartSTAINLESS STEELParameterALLOY STEEL620 MPa.Ultimate tensile strength570 MPa. 240-290 MPa.Output strength440-500 MPa. 20-24 %Elongation15-18 % aˆ? High ultimate tensile strength. aˆ? Excellent corrosion and oxidization opposition. aˆ? High wear opposition aˆ? High weariness oppositionAdvantagesaˆ? High strength-to-weight ratio. aˆ? High emphasis opposition aˆ? Good corrosion opposition aˆ? High wear opposition aˆ? Expensive. aˆ? Can non be hardened by heat intervention. aˆ? Hard to organize compared to dramatis personae FeDisadvantagesaˆ? Poor in machinebility. Difficult to done by machining. aˆ? More brickle than chromium steel steel aˆ? Hi strength comparison to chromium steel steel but less ultimate tensile strength.Selected Blade Material – chromium steel steelIn doing blade, we have decided to utilize unstained steel because of some ground. The most of import is because we need the stuff that have excellent in corrosion and oxidization opposition. This is because we deal in doing nutrient processor. So that the quality of nutrient is chief thought to guarantee the user is safe to utilize is. Other than that, chromium steel steel has high wear immune. This belongings is good to hold in doing the blade because it ever crisp in cutting the nutrient. The impact stamina is besides the portion that we tend to take 304 steel since we have rotate in high velocity to cut or slit the nutrient. Stainless steel besides has a batch of categorization that we can take for the production of the blade. Therefore we have to take a specific category to guarantee the cost appraisal. After we did the research, we decide to take unstained steel category 304 to be our stuff for the p roduction.Stainless Steel – Grade 304Fe ; & lt ; 0.08 % C ; 17.5-20 % Cr ; 8-11 % Ni ; & lt ; 2 % Mn ; & lt ; 1 % Si ; & lt ; 0.045 % P ; & lt ; 0.03 % S [ 7 ] These are some of its features: – Forming and welding belongingss – Corrosion/ oxidization opposition – Deep drawing quality – Excellent stamina – Low temperature belongingss reacting good to indurating by cold working – Ease of cleansing, easiness of fiction, beauty of visual aspect. Table 1.A Physical belongingss of 304 class chromium steel steel in the annealed statusClassDensity ( kg/m3 )Elastic Modulus ( GPa )Average Coefficient of Thermal Expansion ( mm/m/A °C )Thermal Conductivity ( W/m.K )Specific Heat0-100A °C ( J/kg.K )0-100A °C0-315A °C0-538A °Cat 100A °Cat 500A °C304/L/H 8000 193 17.2 17.8 18.4 16.2 21.5 5002.3 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION AND TECHNICAL DRAWING2.3.1 BLENDER SPECIFICATIOND = 12cm Feature: Portable Rechargeable light weight Jar Capacity: up to 1.5 litres H = 30cm B = 16cm L = 18cm2.3.2 EXPLODED VIEW OF BLENDERFigure 2: Blender Exploded ViewPart Part name 1 Cap 2 Eyelid 3 Jar 4 Jar / blade seal 5 Blade set 6 Jar yoke 7 On-off button 8 Button spring 9 Upper lodging 10 Motor & A ; bushing 11 Motor saddle horse screw 12 Switch, on-off 13 Switch, interlock 14 Prison guard 15 Mini phone doodly-squat 16 Diode 17 Zener rectifying tube 18 Battery cell 19 Base screen 20 Screw, grip 21 Foot 22 Charger2.3.3 BLENDER BLADE SPECIFICATION3.0 STAGES OF THE PROCESS3.1 ALTERNATIVE PROCESS FOR EACH COMPONENT3.1.1 BLENDER BLADE ALTERNATIVE PROCESSThe suited procedure of blade production are projecting, stomping and hammering, we can still bring forth the blade even with different stuff. But every procedure must has it ‘s restrictions and ain advantages. The procedure selected is shown at table below:Figure 7: Blade Manufacturing Alternative ProcessesSince we have chosen the stuff, so we have look at the procedure to bring forth the merchandise. There are diverse of procedure of available outside, we need to take suitably to suite the stuff belongingss and the functionality of the constituent. There are several guidelines that we need to obey. The choice of a suited procedure is based on the undermentioned factors: Types of stuffs and its belongingss Expected quality and belongingss of the constituents Size, form, thickness and complexness in bring forthing the constituents Tolerances and surface coating Incoming procedures involves Design and tooling cost Volume of production Economy Now the chart above has shown 3 primary procedures that we will discourse further to take the best production procedure. Now we discuss the casting procedure. The procedure is a popular fabrication procedure that can hold many advantages. The grounds why we choose the investing casting procedure among assorted procedure of casting are because any stuff can project through this method. The investing casting procedure is economical even for rather low measure usually minimal measure is 1000. Furthermore, the complex form can be produced which meet the blade design. Heat intervention of the casting merchandise is non needed. Excellent surface coating and truth besides can be produced through this method. Again it suites the constituent demand that dimensional and surface coating. But the procedure has the disadvantages. We have the expensive dice tool and stuff cost, long lead clip to hold the concluding merchandise, labour cost is high. After we have seen the procedure we have the clea rer image of the procedure. The following procedure we will discourse the forging procedure. The blocker type of the forging will be used in this procedure. This is because this type has the low dice cost compared to other forging procedure. The production rate is high that will run into the company minimal production demand. Forging will hold the dice to use the compressive force on it in order produce the form we want. In the blocker forging, demand to make the machining to acquire the net form we want. The portion will non be a suited pick if the parts are thick webs and big filets. The chief cost is come from the dice cost which influenced by form and size of the constituent. The measure is besides the major concern in cost footing fabrication. Then we will make the stamping treatment. Stomping besides the sorts of sheet metal organizing utilizing the stamping dice and use the force on the sheet stuff. [ 18 ] The cost effectivity of the metal stomping procedure stems from its ability to bring forth material-intensive parts at production rates much higher than are possible utilizing other traditional methods. With stuff for stomping about bing use in another procedure, the premier country for nest eggs is in cutting production clip. From the above treatments, we can see that stomping will convey us the most economical procedure. Although we need to bear with the high start-up cost, but through the long term, the turnover is still good. The investing casting is excessively arduous and long lead clip which does non suite our selling policy ; the forging is more suited for big constituent.3.2 PROCESS SELECTED AND TOTAL PRODUCT STAGES3.2.1 BLENDER BLADE MANUFACTURING PROCESS3.2.1.1PROCESS SELECTED FOR BLENDER BLADEAfter weighing the pros and cons of procedure, we have chosen the stomping which derived procedures from progressive dice drawing. [ 22 ] By utilizing stomping procedure, there are some advantages compare with other procedure like hammering and die casting. First of wholly, the stomping dies can be well less than the tooling used in other procedures. Other than that, the Quality, truth, map, wear life and visual aspect can all be dramatically improved. By utilizing stomping procedure, the portion of stuff with tougher and harder belongingss can besides be made. Secondary operations like heat intervention and machining are needed to complete a portion. The figure of secondary operation is reduced and it can salvage the cost. To bring forth liquidizer blade by stomping procedure, there are some secondary procedure to be taken in. after the constituent is stamped out from the stamping machine, we need to bore a little hole on the constituent for the assembly intent. After that, flexing procedure will take in to obtain the functional form of liquidizer. Then, the constituent is so to be heat treated to better its mechanical belongingss like strength and stamina. Finally, a finishing procedure will take in to sharpen the blade border by machining procedure and better the wear opposition by add-on procedure like coating of blade with Ti.3.2.1.2 BLENDER BLADE STEPS FLOW CHARTThe phases for blade fabrication system are shown in the stairss flow chart below:Figure 8: Phase OF BLADE MANUFACTURING BY STAMPING3.2.1.3 BLENDER BLADE PROCESS STAGE AND MACHINE USEDStompingThe procedure is start by stomping of a big sheet of metal. We will utilize blanking procedure which is a cutting procedure by utilizing clout and di ce to bring forth the blade profile. For blanking procedure, the merchandise is the portion which is sheared out by clout. To transport out the blanking procedure, the stamping dice and stomping machine is needed. The blade merchandise by blanking procedure is shown at the figure below: Component ( merchandise ) Strip ( work stuff ) Scrap ( discard )Figure 9: blanking of bladeFeatures Of Stamped Parts[ 22 ] after stomping procedure, there are BURR-SIDE or CUT RADIUS feature on the stamped parts. There is a unsmooth border or breaking away burr around the side of the perforated holes. At The opposite side, there is a cut radius or â€Å" rollover † consequence where the blanking or piercing punch enters the metal surface. Both of these defects can be corrected if they affect the map ablility of the constituent. Deburring procedures can be used to take the burrs. Deburring procedure is done by utilizing deburring tool, toppling, or sanding. Drilling will do the holes straight through the full portion thickness. A shaving station in a progressive dice can cut down the demand for secondary handling operations. Besides, utilizing thicker stock than the concluding size called for and dual phonograph record grinding, or individual side grinding, as required will take burrs and rollover. After stomping procedure, the phenomena of CONCENTRICITY can be found on the merchandise itself. The contour of the interior and outside shows different belongingss and even thicknesses. the discrepancy can be cut down by excess allowance to the merchandises made. Besides the concentricity, the flatness/blanking deformations besides common phenomena that occur in the stamped merchandise after stomping procedure. There is the bowing rise in the merchandise due to periphery emphasis. The size of the obeisance varied with the stuff and type of dice used. The solution of the defects can be through the use of compound dice.Machine used for stomping procedure – Stamping MachineIn the stamping machine the major operation is where a metal sheet is being punched utilizing a imperativeness tool in order to give out into coveted form. Different stomping procedure necessitate different type of dice. Example of blanking dice is shown in figure 9Figure 10: Stamping MachineFigure 11: Stamping DieDrillingOnce the constituent is stamped out, the boring procedure will take in to bore a hole on the blade for the assembly intent. A boring machine is needed to bore the hole. The constituent after boring procedure is shown in the figure below: Drilling machine Component ( Merchandise )Figure: Drilling Of BladeMachine Used – Drilling Machine[ 23 ] A boring machine, called a drill imperativeness, is used to cut holes into or through metal, wood, or other stuffs. Boring machines use a boring tool that has cutting borders at its point. This cutting tool is held in the drill imperativeness by a chow or and is rotated and fed into the work at variable velocities. Boring machines may be used to execute other operations like countersinking, drilling, counterboring, topographic point facing, reaming, and tappingFigure 13: boring machineBendingTo obtain the better map ability of the liquidizer blade, the form of the blade should be flexing with certain angle as shown in the figure 9. This is a fictile deforming procedure to alter the form of metal blade. Note has to taken that the flexing portion of the constituent is under high emphasis after the bending procedure. To get the better of it, heat intervention will taking topographic point to hardening and reconstruct the emphasis. The constituent after flexing procedure is shown at below:Figure 14: Bending Of BladeMachine used: Bending Machine[ 24 ] Bending is a common fabrication method to treat sheet metal. It is normally done on a Press brake, but besides swing-bending-machines are used. With this machine a bending stuff is being bent by following the preset angle as a mention. The bending operation creates a consecutive line crook while form operation may make a curving crook.Fi gure 15: CNC Bending MachineHeat intervention[ 25 ] To reconstruct the residuary emphasis that trap in the stamped merchandise, heat intervention is normally carried out. Heat intervention can heat the metal to recrystallization temperature that will realine the grain in the metal. The heat intervention of the metal, the cleft can be reduced and it can be hardened as the finer grain can be obtained. The undermentioned describe the procedure heat intervention of the blade. The blade ballad on the ceramic tray so heat up to the specified temperature to indurate the portion. The oven normally is preheated to faster the procedure. The warming procedure last for 2 hours. After procedure the ceramic tray take out from the oven. The submergence of the merchandise into oil or H2O to execute slaking. This trap the intricate crystal in the metal construction. This procedure besides consequences in the metal going really brittle. After slaking, the blades are reheated to about 260A °C. Then the blades are allowed to chill easy in a procedure called annealing. This toughens the metal while retaining some of the crispness needed for all right sharpening. Further warming and chilling rhythms may be used to indurate other specialised metals.Machine Used: Heat Treating Oven[ 26 ] Heat handling oven is usage to heat the stuff up to 760A °C – 1370A °C It has the map to command the temperature and force per unit area of warming. The box furnace can manage exothermal, endothermal, and enriched ambiances including air, N, and Ar.Figure 16: heat handling ovenMachiningFinally, the blade will undergoes machining procedure as the coating procedure. [ 25 ] After the heat-treated blades are cool, they are polished and sharpened. Polishing is performed by machine in our instance. A level belt smoother is used to bring forth a smooth coating to the sides of the blade. This besides polishes out any Markss from the punch imperativeness operation and removes the surface residue from the heat-treat operation. Next the blade is placed into a grinding fixture that passes it through a series of crunching wheels. Each revolving wheel removes the right sum of metal to organize the border alleviation, point, rough border angle, and other characteristics of the working part of the blade. When the blade is finished with these stairss, it will be rather crisp and may look ready to utilize. However, the concluding sharpening stairs s are required to bring forth a durable border. Honing is the last procedure to take in. the crisp border of blade is produced by a all right grinding operation and called honing. The angle of the hone may be between 17 and 30 grades to the axis of the blade, depending upon the blade application. A smaller angle will bring forth a sharper border, but the border will have on and go dull more rapidly. A all right grinding hone, or â€Å" rock, † is oiled and gently rubbed on the knife border. This action produces the finest sharpened border.Machine Used: Belt Sander[ 27 ] A belt smoother is a machine used to sand down wood and other stuffs for finishing intents. It consists of an electrical motor that turns a brace of membranophones on which a seamless cringle of emery paper is mounted.Figure 17: Belt SanderConsequence on plagiarism checker on hypertext transfer protocol: //www.articlechecker.com/checker.phpMatched PhrasesGoogleA ResultsA Found:MATERIAL SELECTION 2 ( Set Alert ) Carbon steel rusts when exposed to air and wet ( Set Alert ) This Fe oxide movie is active and accelerates corrosion by organizing more Fe oxide ( Set Alert ) Ultimate tensile strength 570 MPa ( Set Alert ) aˆ? Excellent corrosion and oxidization opposition ( Set Alert ) aˆ? Can non be hardened by heat intervention ( Set Alert ) This procedure besides consequences in the metal going really brickle ( Set Alert ) Then the blades are allowed to chill easy in a procedure called annealing ( Set Alert ) This toughens the metal while retaining some of the crispness needed for all right sharpening ( Set Alert ) Further warming and chilling rhythms may be used to indurate other specialized metals ( Set Alert ) This besides polishes out any Markss from the punch imperativeness operation and removes the surface residue from the heat-treat operation ( Set Alert ) Next the blade is placed into a grinding fixture that passes it through a series of crunching wheels ( Set Alert ) Each revolving wheel removes the right sum of metal to or ganize the border alleviation, point, rough border angle, and other characteristics of the working part of the blade ( Set Alert ) When the blade is finished with these stairss, it will be rather crisp and may look ready to utilize ( Set Alert ) However, the concluding sharpening stairss are required to bring forth a durable border ( Set Alert ) The angle of the hone may be between 17 and 30 grades to the axis of the blade, depending upon the blade application ( Set Alert ) A smaller angle will bring forth a sharper border, but the border will have on and go dull more rapidly ( Set Alert ) A all right crunching hone, or † rock, † is oiled and gently rubbed on the knife border ( Set Alert ) This action produces the finest sharpened border ( Set Alert )Entire Matched Phrases / Total Submitted10 % ( 19/182 )