Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Business Ethics and Rules Essay

Personally, I agree that Solomon’s ethical fundamentals are a good moral foundation for a business. â€Å"Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong (or good and bad) human conduct in a business context. † (p25) From the lecture, we know that ethics matters because â€Å"how organizations behave have important implications for how they fulfill their social and economic roles† and â€Å"their success as well as the success of their employees, customers, etc. † Thus, running a business ethically is good for business. Applying Solomon’s three C’s of business ethics and the eight rules of thinking ethics in business make good sense. The three C’s of business ethics include compliance, contributions and consequences. The first C is â€Å"the need for compliance with the rules, including the laws of the land†¦and such general concerns as fairness. †(p36) As a saying goes, â€Å"Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. † Rules in business are intended to assert business structure or to control or influence the behavior of the business. Let’s take EU-Rent for example. EU-Rent is a car rental company owned by EU-Corporation. EU-Rent sets up rules about rentals, returns, servicing and customers. For example, â€Å"EU-Rent keeps records of customers, their rentals, and bad experiences. This information is used to decide whether to approve a rental. † If EU-Rent doesn’t comply with these rules, it may not organize well. The second C is â€Å"the contributions business can make to society, through the values and quality of one’s products or services†¦and usefulness of one’s activities to the surrounding community. † (p36) For instance, economists conventionally assume that organization’s primary goal is to maximize profits. Many successful organizations are gradually aware of the important relationship between profits and contributions to society. Starbucks has seen its profits rise as it has increased its investment in social issues. Those organizations who are making profits and don’t contribute to society may receive criticism from the public. As the article â€Å"The Sichuan Earthquake and the Changing Landscape of CSR in China†, which was written by Ariel McGinnis, James Pellegrin, Yin Shum, Jason Teo, and Judy Wu (University of Pennsylvania), mentioned, â€Å" In the days and weeks following the Sichuan earthquake, many multinational corporations(MNCs) pursued a global CSR (corporate social responsibility) policy in line with their international standard. While some multinationals pledged cash, many others pledged a combination of cash, equipment and services. Domestic firms, by all accounts, out-donated multinationals†¦The popular perception was that international firms’ relief contributions not only did not match those of local Chinese companies in terms of scale or timeliness, but also were not commensurate with their presence in the Chinese market. Chinese consumers quickly seized upon this disparity by openly attacking major MNCs, calling for a boycott of their products †¦ The Chinese public soon gave these affected MNCs the nickname of ‘international iron roosters. The term refers to a bird that never gives up a single feather, and its usage highlights the perceived stinginess of these international firms†¦Despite their additional donations,’ iron-rooster’ MNCs continued to face angry consumers throughout China, resulting in severe public backlash, including protests at several McDonaldà ¢â‚¬â„¢s and blockades at KFCs throughout Sichuan province and the rest of China. † From this example, we can see how important the contributions that organizations should make to the society are. The third C is â€Å"the consequence of business activity†¦including the reputation of one’s own company and industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p36) Why the consequences of business activity are so important? Let’s have a look at the following example. Once, Sanlu was one of the oldest and most popular brands of infant formula in China. It went into bankruptcy after the â€Å"Sanlu milk scandal†. Based on the media, â€Å"By November 2008 China reported an estimated 300,000 victims, six infants dying from kidney stones and other kidney damage, and a further 860 babies hospitalized. Since the Sanlu Group didn’t solve the problem and recall the products in time, it leaded to a horrible incident. Doubtlessly, what did organizations do may affect their development and even the well-being of the public. Organizations should not blindly pursue for profits only but also be responsive to society. To become successful, a business needs to be driven by strong ethical va lues. If a corporation fails to adopt ethical values and cannot be responsive to society, it will fail, just like the Sanlu Group. Besides the three C’s of business ethics, Solomon also stated the eight rules of thinking ethics in business, which are also good moral foundations for a business. The eight rules include â€Å"consider other people’s well-being, including the well-being of nonparticipants; think as a member of the business community and not as an isolated individual; obey, but do not depend solely on, the law; think of yourself—and your company—as part of society; obey moral rules; think objectively; ask the question ‘What sort of person would do such a thing? and respect the customs of others, but not at the expense of your own ethics. †(p40, 41) Based on the above statements, it is obvious to see that they are mainly about the concept of three C’s. According to the text, thinking ethically means â€Å"thinking in terms of compliance with the rules, implicit as well as explicit, thinking in terms of the contributions one can make as well as oneâ€⠄¢s own possible gains, thinking in terms of avoiding harmful consequences to others as well as to oneself. (p40) In the case of â€Å"Sanlu milk scandal†, one of the main reasons behind

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Consumer Perspective About Quality Service Provided

1. 1 AN introduction overview TO THE BROAD AREA OF TOPIC This research is based on comparison of Quality service offered by pizza hut and dominos. This research is based on to test the quality of service and comparison between two Pizza Houses. The fast food industries of India is experiencing phenomenal growth and is one of the fastest growing sectors in the country, with the compounded annual growth rates of the market crossing 25%. Further, on the back of changing and busy lifestyle, fast emerging middle class population and surging disposable income, the industry will continue to grow at a pace in coming years.It now accounts for roughly half of all restaurant revenues in the developed countries and continues to expand there and in many other industrial countries in the coming years. But some of most rapid growth is occurring in the developing world; where it's radically changing the way people eat. People buy fast food because it's cheap, easy to prepare, and heavily promoted. T his paper aims at providing information about fast food industry, its trend, reason for its emergence and several other factors that are responsible for its growth.This report provides extensive research and rational analysis on the Indian fast food industry and tracks the changing dynamics of the market. It features market performance, key related sectors and competitive landscape of the market. The research study looks into the market condition and future forecasts, and outlines current trends and analysis. It has been made to help clients in analysing the opportunities, challenges and Drivers vital to the growth of fast food industry in India.For the purpose of this report, Fast Food Industry includes fast food restaurants, teahouses, coffee shops and juice bars in India. Consumers will be feeling the impact of the crisis far more over the coming months and will have to adjust their daily habits and attitudes accordingly. There are already clear signs pointing in this direction, which are not necessarily detrimental to food retail. In times of economic crisis, the cocooning effect tends to emerge and this involves consumers focusing increasingly on activities within their own homes.Although only around half of consumers will actually be affected by the crisis, the situation will have a major impact on food retail. The various sectors, industries and retail will all be affected by the economic crisis to varying degrees. There will be losers, but also winners in this downturn. The 6000 corer fast food retail industry is mainly dominated by the multinational players and the key players which are active in the research of the food retailing include Pizza hut and Dominos. Introduction to Pizza HutPizza Hut is one of the flagship brands of Yum! Brands,Inc. , which also has KFC, Taco Bell, A&W and Long John Silver’s under its umbrella. Pizza Hut is the world’s largest pizza chain with over 12,500 restaurants across 91countries. In India, Pizza Hut ha s 137 restaurants across 36 cities, including Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Pune, and Chandigarh amongst other is in the process of opening Pizza Hut restaurants at many more locations to service a larger customer base across the country. Introduction to DominosDomino's vision is focused on â€Å"Exceptional people on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world! â€Å". Domino's is committed to bringing fun and excitement to the lives of our customers by delivering delicious pizzas to their doorstep in 30 minutes or less, and all its strategies are aimed at fulfilling this commitment towards its large & ever growing customer base. Domino’s constantly strives to develop products that suit the tastes of its customers, thereby bringing out the Wow effect (the feel good factor). Domino's believes strongly in the strategy of ‘Think local and act regional’.Thus, time and again Domino's has been innovating toppings suitable to the taste buds of the local populace and the Indian market has very well accepted these. Domino's Pizza started life as Domi Nick's in 1960 founded by two brothers Tom and James Monaghan from Michigan. Within 8 months, James sold his share in the company to his brother, leaving Tom the sole owner of the pizza outlet. After 38 years as the head and owner of Domino's, co-founder Tom Monaghan decided to hand over the reins to another company, Bain Capital, selling his 93% share of the firm for a whopping $1 billion in 1998.The first UK Domino's Pizza store was opened in 1985, with the first outlet opening its doors in 1991. Domino's Pizza is now the second largest home pizza delivery company in America and has a global presence with 9,000 corporate and franchise outlets operating across 60 different international markets employing 145,000 employees worldwide. Domino’s Pizza India Limited is a Pizza Retail company spread across India across 85 Locations in 22 Cities. Their Sales Model is Take away and deliveries, deliveries accounting for about 70% of their business.Hence their main focus in to acquire and retain and increase the value of their customers. Domino’s Pizza India Limited is a Pizza Retail company spread across India across 85 Locations in 22 Cities. Their Sales Model is Take away and deliveries, deliveries accounting for about 70% of their business. Hence their main focus in to acquire and retain and increase the value of their customers. It holds the complete Customer Information including the transaction history.Grouping the customers based on User Specified Criteria to facilitate campaigns on the selected groups. The Campaign Management module is used for planning, executing and analysing campaigns results. Apart from this, the solution would also provide detailed analysis of Sales trends and customer behaviour over parameters such has time, Hours of day, Customer Segment, Order value, order frequency etc. 1. 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE SP ECIFIC AREA OF TOPIC This Project has been titled â€Å"Comparative study on consumer perspective about quality service offered by PIZZA HUT Vs.DOMINOS† It is been noticed that there is shift of customer from Dominos to Pizza hut and there is increase in number of customer at Pizza hut and also there is drastic change in areas of customer satisfaction, approach and the customer retention which is only because of the quality service that they are getting from the respective outlets. The study would help the hospitality based industries to plan and to build the strong, sound and rigid strategies to make the loyal customer and their satisfaction and retention.The habit of consumer changing from one brand to another brand due to many reason like Quality of service, Price, Accessibility, Value for money and Speed with service. By comparing Number of transaction that happened at Pizza hut and Dominos from 2006 to 2011. This is found that there is decreasing in Pizza hut Transaction by every Year. This topic of study is based on the SOP and the Standard that the company following to win back their customer again and again. Some of these are as follow:- Fact to Pizza Hut * Pizza Huts worldwide sales were approximately $10 billion. * Pizza Hut service more than 1. million pizzas every day to approximately 5 million customers worldwide. * Pizza Hut owns and operates more than half of its restaurant and delivery units making Pizza Hut, Inc. the largest company-owned restaurant chain in the world. * The highest volume Pizza Hut restaurant in the world is in Moscow followed b stores located in France, Hong Kong, Finland and the U. K. * Outside the US the country with the most Pizza Hut units is Australia (405) followed by Canada (354) and the U. K. (326. * Pizza Hut delivery drivers range in age from 18 to 80 miles, and average 50 miles per driver per day to deliver Pizza Hut products.The mode of transportation varies from country to country with motor scooters the most common mode in Western Europe, the U. K. And the Asia Pacific Countries. * Pizza Hut uses 2. 5 percept of all the milk produced in the US every year for cheese. That cheese production requires a herd of 250,000 dairy cows producing at full capacity 365 days a year. * Pizza Hut uses more than 50 million pounds of wheat representing the annual yield from nearly 400,000 acres of wheat. * Pizza Hut uses more than 400 million pounds of tomatoes each year and 50 million pounds of pepperoni. Approximately 50 % of all Pizza Hut units outside the US are full service restaurant. About 35 to 40 % are delivery carry out units, and 10 t0 15 % are express units or slide â€Å"windows†. Vision â€Å"Growth with big heart† Mission â€Å"To become the number one company in every category we operate† Pizza Hut Objectives * Making great pizza * Customer satisfaction * Customer mania * To have strong appetite for learning * To wake up every day in order to think about global m arket. * To provide great service to all customer. * To celebrate the successful of the company. * To put yum on peoples face around the world Interrelated System at DominosThe Point of Sale application is located at the store. The Customer Service Representative (CSR) takes the order in this system. It is a Clipper/FoxPro Bases system in use since Dominos started operations in India. It primarily holds customer information such as Name, Phone Number and Address and Location (Delivery Area/Sector as defined by Dominos) data transfer is One way i. e. from POS – SLX and subsequently in the next phase it would be 2 way. Email System: A POP3 Email System to send out email. Functional Equipment at Dominos * Customer Management * Campaign Planning * Campaign Execution * Post Campaign Analysis Reports and Analysis Customer Management at Dominos Information from the POS in brought in by Batch Data Import and data such as Last order date, Total order value, Order Frequency, Average ti cket value are calculated after batch update is done. This is used to classify the customer based on customer inactivity, order value etc. to run Campaign to get further business from the customer. Response of Management at Dominos The responses for all the above communication channels are captured in the POS and are then imported into the Sales logic system. The responses are recorded as Orders booked against the campaign.Only a delivered order is considered as a response to a campaign. Sales logic however provides the functionality to capture other forms of response and can be used at a later stage as and when the requirement arises. The response is captured in order to perform effective post campaign analysis. Dominos in India Domino’s was incorporated in New Delhi on March 16th1995 as a private company under the name Dominos India Private Ltd. Domino's Pizza India has remained focused on delivering great tasting Pizzas and sides, superior quality, exceptional customer ser vice and value for money offerings. Domino’s PizzaIndia has a network of around 300outlets, in 65 cities, in 22 states and union territories (as on 31st Jan 2010) According to the India Retail Report 2009; it is the largest Pizza chain in India and the fastest growing multinational fast food chain. Vision â€Å"Exceptional people on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world! † Domino's is committed to bringing fun, happiness and convenience to the lives of our consumers by delivering delicious pizzas to their doorstep in 30 minutes or less ,and its efforts are aimed at fulfilling this commitment towards its large and ever-growing customer base.Today, Domino’s occupies 65% market share in the home delivery segment. Mission â€Å"Exceptional franchisees and team members on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world. † Itimplements this mission statement by following business strategy:- * Puts franchisees and Company-owne d stores at the foundation all thinking and decisions; * Emphasizes ability to select, develop and retain exceptional team members and franchisees; * Provides a strong infrastructure to support stores * Builds excellent store operations to create loyal customers. 1. 3 introductions to the TopicThis study under the head â€Å"Comparative study on Quality service offered by Pizza Hut vs. Dominos† has been undertaken to measure the satisfaction level of customers regarding the products and the services provided by the respective organization. Sources of data collected from Primary data and Secondary data. Sample Size taken 100. Technique of analysis was chi square. The type of study used is Descriptive Study. Sample technique is Convenience Sampling. The topic mainly focuses on the quality of service offered by both the company and the result of which the company got more popular day by day.This Dissertation report provides extensive research and rational analysis on the Indian fast food industry and tracks the changing dynamics of the market and demand. It features market performance, key related sectors and competitive landscape of the market. The research study looks into the market condition and future forecasts, and outlines current trends and analysis. It has been made to help clients in analysing the opportunities, challenges and Drivers vital to the growth of fast food industry in India.For the purpose of this report, Fast Food Industry includes fast food restaurants, teahouses, coffee shops and juice bars in India. Consumers will be feeling the impact of the crisis far more over the coming months and will have to adjust their daily habits and attitudes accordingly. From the study researcher inferred that the customers who are visiting at Dominos are highly satisfied with its products and services than the Pizza Hut. The environment of the store & variety of products at Pizza Hut and Dominos makes difference in mind of visitor.This Out let have a t remendous potential where it can improve its revenue drastically by concentrating on its existing customer base. Thus this project topic is mainly tells about the policy and the standard that the Pizza Hut and Dominos uses to serve the customer daily bases in the Dine In as well as Home Delivery service. This topic will make someone to understand the comparative study of service quality offered by these both company 2. 1-Introduction to literature review and Research Design This research is based on compassion of the quality service offered by Pizza Hut and dominos.This research is based to test the quality of service and comparison between two Pizza outlets jointly, with seeking the factor with the GAP. With this study, we wanted to demonstrate the easiness of use of SERVQUAL instrument in the case of the Quality, showing that the questionnaires can easily be reproduced and adapted to any services organization. Therefore the present model in order to be applied in this kind of orga nization needs future and profound refinements. The research conducted for this Dissertation study is descriptive type. The data collection was done through questionnaire and the secondary Data available.Making right design and the planning for the report is essential for every project reports which will make the reports original, meaningful and the informational. The research design must be simple so that the researcher can complete the report in time with full of information. 2. 2-Literature Review A consumer’s perception of quality levels has long been a focus for marketing literature research. For example, the consumer’s judgement concerning an entity’s overall level of excellence or superiority has been used as a measurement of perceived quality.Objective measures of quality, measured by elements such as the â€Å"conformance to requirements† or â€Å"freedom from deficiencies† have been defined as the basis for quality assessment. However, th ese objective measures are difficult to translate into methods for assessing service (as opposed to product) quality. 2. 2. 1 Customer satisfaction and loyalty studies in service This difficulty led to the development of Seroquel, intended to assess user perceptions of quality in a service environment from the methodological point of view: Respondents fatigue at having to rate all service attributes twice.They also tend to rate most dimensions as being highly important, since they are unable to distinguish between aspects that are very and extremely important Respondents may interpret expectation importance questions in different ways. Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry (1988) â€Å"SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality. † Journal of Retailing developed the original 22 item SERVQUAL scale with questions intended to assess five specific dimensions (tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy).Parasuraman in 1985 i dentify the 10 core components of service quality as reliability (consistent performance and dependability), responsiveness (willingness/readiness to serve), competence (possessing knowledge and skills), access (approachability and ease of contact), courtesy (politeness, consideration and friendliness of staff), communication (updating and listening to customers), credibility (trustworthy and reputable, with customer interests at heart), security (freedom from danger and risk), customer knowledge (Understanding needs and personalized attention), as well as tangibles (facilities and physical features).The SERVQUAL instrument utilizes a â€Å"gap (or difference) [Carman, James M. (1990) â€Å"Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality score†] analysis methodology, wherein the user’s expectations for service quality are assessed at the same time as the user’s perception of the actual system performance. The difference between these two scores (performance minus expec tation) is used as the basis of analysis. At least two studies have found evidence that SERVQUAL represents a one-dimensional model. [Charles W. Lamb. 1991) â€Å"An Evaluation of the SERVQUAL Scales in a Retailing Setting†,] a 1993 study concluded that the performance-only element of SERVQUAL â€Å"performs about as well as SERVQUAL itself†. The authors found that â€Å"Overall, the oncological validity evidence somewhat favours the non-difference score measure to the SERVQUAL measure†. CONCERNS ABOUT SERVQUAL’S UNDERLYING DIMENSIONS One of the aims of this study involves the use of SERVQUAL instrument in order to ascertain any actual or perceived gaps between customer expectations and perceptions of the service offered.Another aim of this is to point out how management of service improvement can become more logical and integrated with respect to the prioritized service quality dimensions and their affections on increasing/decreasing service quality gaps . In the following, after a brief review of the service quality concept, the model of service quality gaps and the SERVQUAL methodology is demonstrated and an example is presented to pinpoint the application of the SERVQUAL approach. Then, after a discussion the value and the quality of the product should be kept safe. This will ensure the quality of the service offered by the out let is up to mark.So that the guest royalty can be maintained and provide the royalty to every guest. 2. 3 statement of the problem This Project has been titled â€Å"Comparative study on consumer perspective about quality service offered by PIZZA HUT Vs. DOMINOS† this is to find out that the quality of service offered by Dominos and the Pizza Hut and why the customers choosing this industry for their food. It is been noticed that there is shift of customer from Pizza Hut to Dominos and there is increase in number of customer at Dominos and also there is drastic change in areas of customer satisfact ion, approach and the customer retention.The study would help the hospitality based industries to plan and to build the strong, sound and rigid strategies to make the loyal customer and their satisfaction and retention. The habit of consumer changing from one brand to another brand due to many reason like Quality of service, Price, Accessibility, Value for money and Speed with service. By comparing Number of transaction that happened at Pizza hut and Dominos from 2006 to 2011. This is found that there is decreasing in Pizza hut Transaction by every Year. 2. 4 scope of the problemThe current study is undertaken for the purpose analysing the quality of service offered by Pizza Hut and Dominos. Details of the operations of the companies that have been providing the quality service to retain their customer. A study covering performance of the business will definitely give a better result with respect to the financial performance of the business and the marketing aspect of the business. If the financial performance of the company is compared with few other reputed firms in the industry will give the clear picture about the position of Pizza Hut and Dominos. This study helps the organizations to increase the customer loyalty and satisfaction. * This study will help to manage the internal environment and the management to make customer happy by providing quality service * This will ensure to maintain the guest culture at the organisation so the company can achieve the loyal customer again and again. * This will help in maintaining the product quality and accuracy on the service offered. * This study gives s cheer information about consumer preferences on different brands of Pizza out let. * This study gives information about consumer awareness on quality of food they serve. The study is useful to know the consumer preference and their reasons to prefer and not to prefer product of this company. * This study is useful to amylase the price position of their choice. * T his study is useful to know the impact of brand advertisement on consumers. This study is useful to know the set is faction level with different attributes of the company 2. 5 objective of the study This study has been undertaken to: * To study about the quality of service that customer gets from Pizza Hut and Dominos and compare the service quality of both the company to find the required solution to lacking. To make the future plan and to decide for the present changes that need to bring in the business to win back the unhappy customer. * To understand how the hospitality company make the customer satisfaction and deliver quality service. * To understand the procedures and techniques involved in marketing aspects of the concern. * To analyse and evaluate the Marketing performance of the business and to ascertain the rate of success * To know the way of segmented its products to know the areas in which the dealers satisfy their customer and the areas that they need to improve. 2. 6 methodology of the studyResearch generally refers to a search for knowledge. It may be defined as the objective and systematic method of finding solution to a problem, which consists of systematic collection, recording, analysis, interpretation and reporting of information about various facts of a phenomenon under study. It plays a truly analytical approach to decision-making and helps in the evaluation of the decision that has been taken. The study requires data to be collected from Primary and secondary sources Secondary data would be collected from websites, journals, monthly and annual publications of the cement Organizations, Magazines, and Experts.Data collected would be compiled, classified and tabulated for analysis. Analysis would be done using the statistical tool of comparative techniques. Inferences would be drawn from the analysis, conclusions would be made and suggestions would be given The First Phase of Study * To collect secondary data about the customer feedback a nd view about the quality of service received from the company and * Primary data through the questionnaire. The Second Part is an Analytical Study * To examine the requirement quality service and customer satisfaction in the areas of hospitality. Method of Data CollectedThe method adopted for the study is collecting data. The data there are two ways. * Primary data * Secondary data Primary Data Primary data is the data collected by the researcher of the specific study. The study entitled â€Å"Quality of service offered by Pizza hut Vs. Dominos† with special reference quality food. To get an accurate detail separate structured Questionnaires were designed for customers. Discussions were held with customers. The study is of more than 100 customers at different areas in Bangalore * Through questionnaire Secondary Data Secondary data can be defined on the data collected by someone else for the purpose of study.It is based on second hand information. The data collected with comp anies past record, Journals, Broachers and from the library. * Websites * Newspapers * Journals, Magazines, Annual publications of Banks * Books , Internet Sample Size For the need of the study the customer survey was conducted. The sample size for the customers was 100. About Questionnaire The Questionnaire is the most common instrument used in collecting primary data for the study conducted. Questionnaire is one for the consumer was used. These types of questions included in the Questionnaire are: * Multiple Choice Questions, Rating, Ranking and Open-end questions. . 7 Need of the study * To know about the service quality at hospitality industry and to provide the required suggestion. * To know how the hospitality industry can make the customer happy by the quality of service offered by them. * To know the hindrance and the other rules regulation or objection this stops hospitality industry to deliver 100% quality service. * To know the impact of hospitality industry to the Indian economy. * To know about the factor that affects the business of retail food chain and fast food chain and to prevent company from crisis situation. This will help to know the customer and their attitude towards different brands this will help to project the sale for future and to arrange the right product that they need from the out let. * This study will also help Both Pizza hut and Dominos to build the effective business strategy in the market to maximise their revenue. 2. 8 limitation of the study * The study is conducted of academic nature and the time period given was 4 to 6 week to finish the reports. * The information collected for the analysis would be from Newspapers, Journals, Magazines, internet, CSL and other related books. The information provided by the personnel may be biased or inaccurate in case of secondary as well as primary data. * The analysis is based on only the data collected which are secondary and primary data through questionnaire. * Assumption has been made while deriving the various figures in the calculations of data collected. * The company personnel could not spare time due to busy schedule and hence the project proceeded at a very slow pace. * Not much information was revealed by the company, as the executive personnel wanted to keep certain information confidential.Only monetary aspect as projected by the financial statement have been taken into 2. 9 chapter scheme The present study is classified into five chapters 2. 9. 1- The introductory chapter presents the introduction to the company, growth of the company in India and their internal operation to provide the quality service. 2. 9. 2- The second chapter discusses the review of literature, statement of problem, objectives of study, methodology, Scope of study, Need of the study and Limitation of the study. 2. 9. 3- The third chapter presents the company profile and product profiles and the customer profile 2. . 4- The fourth chapter we have all the results, analysis and d iscussions. 2. 9. 5- The fifth chapter consists of major findings, suggestions, conclusions and policy implication and scope for further study. 3. 1 pizza hut profile The legacy of Pizza Hut began in 1958, when two college students from Wichita, Kansas, Frank and Dan Carney, were approached by a family friend with the idea of opening a Pizza parlour. Although the concept was relatively new to many Americans at that time, the brothers quickly saw the potential of this new enterprise. Over the past four decades the Pizza Hut as built a reputation for excellence that has earned the respect of consumers and industry experts alike. Pizza Hut’s products have been voted Number One in countless consumer surveys nationwide. Pizza Hut, a division of Tricon Global Restaurants, Inc. , has more than 7,200 units in the U. S. and 3,000 units in more than 86 other countries. Pizza Hut is owned by Pepsi Internationals who also owns Taco bell and KFC. Pizza Hut is commitment to quality, dedica tion to service and value & the qualities of entrepreneurship, growth and leadership, which have characterized its business through nearly four decades of success.Tricon is the parent company to two other segment leaders, Taco Bell and KFC. When combined with Pizza Hut, these organizations make up the world's largest restaurant group, with almost twice as many units as McDonald's. When it comes to leadership Pizza Hut has a proactive approach to product development and marketing. The five major products, Pan Pizza, Thin ‘N Crispy pizza, Hand-Tossed style pizza, Stuffed Crust Pizza and The Big New Yorker Pizza are loved by millions around the world and have become the standard by which all others are judged. A Glance look at Pizza hut OutletTarget Market The target market belongs to upper – upper and upper middle class who has a definite taste for foreign foodstuff. Out of 140 million people, we are only targeting 20% of the population. Right now they are targeting marke t, which is 1% of the total urban population. Anybody whose household income is over Rs 100,000 is in the â€Å"A† category, Rs. 50,000 is â€Å"B† and â€Å"C† is Rs. 50,000. They are right now catering to â€Å"A† and â€Å"B† market and they have not touched the entire market. They are also targeting kids, teenagers and students ; are also trying to increase their customer base.Growth of the Organisation Pizza hut entered in India in 1996, and opened its first restaurants in Bangalore. Since then it has captured a dominant and significant share of the Pizza market and has maintained an impressive growth rate of over 40 % per annum. Pizza Hut now has 350 outlets across 50 cities in India. And employed nearly 17000 people by end of 2007. Yum ! Has invested about US$25 million in India so far this is over and above investments made by franchisees. YUM ! Brands Owns Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, Taco Bell ,A;W and Long john silver Restaurants w orldwide.Yum ! Generated more than US$ 25. 9 billion in worldwide sales in the year 2003, and has more than 33000 restaurants in over 100 countries. History of Pizza Hut Pizza Hut Year after Year| 1958| The first Pizza Hut restaurant opens in Wichita, Kansas, started by two college-aged brothers who borrowed $600 from their mother. | 1959| Pizza Hut is incorporated in Kansas and the first franchise unit opens in Topeka, Kansas. | 1965| â€Å"Putt-Putt to Pizza Hut† musical jingle developed for Pizza Hut's first television commercial. 1967| World's largest pizza (six feet in diameter) is baked and served at the grand opening of a Fort Worth, Texas Pizza Hut restaurant. | 1968| International market entered with opening of Pizza Hut restaurant in Canada. | 1969| Red roof adopted for restaurants. | 1970| Sandwiches added to basic menu of Thin ‘N Crispy pizza, salad, beer and soft drinks. | 1971| Pizza Hut becomes the number one pizza restaurant chain in the world in both sa les and number of restaurants. | 1972| Pizza Hut, Inc. listed on New York Stock Exchange under the symbol PIZ| 1973| Pizza Hut restaurants open in Japan and England. 1975| Thick'n Chewy pizza introduced. | 1976| The 100th international Pizza Hut restaurant is opened in Australia, while entire system reaches 2,000. | 1984| There are more pizza locations than hamburger restaurants in US. | 1984| Pizzerias account for 9. 9% of all restaurants in the U. S. | 1986| Delivery service, as a new concept, is initiated. | 1988| Hand-Tossed Traditional Pizza is introduced throughout the system. | 1989| The Pizza Hut Jobs Plus program expands nationwide to employ more than 10,000 individuals with physical and developmental disabilities.The Jobs Plus program is recognized as the largest corporate initiative of its kind in the food service industry. | 1990| Pizza Hut delivers more than 1,340,000 pizzas on Super Bowl Sunday. | 1992| Pizza Hut provides 120,000 free meals to relief volunteers and tho se who lost their homes. | 1993| Pizza Hut introduces BIGFOOT Pizza — two square feet of pizza cut into 21 slices. | 1995| Two Customer Satisfaction programs initiated: a 1-800 Customer Satisfaction Hotline and a Customer Call-Back Program, which takes the pulse of 50,000 customers per week. 1995| The Deliver Me Homeâ„ ¢ program is created by Pizza Hut and the National Centre for Missing and Exploited Children and is tested at the Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport to inform the community of an important identification tool in helping to locate, identify and return missing children to their families. | 1995| Pizza Hut wins the 1995 â€Å"Choice of Chains† award for Best Pizza Chain sponsored annually by Restaurants & Institutions magazine, making Pizza Hut the â€Å"Best Pizza Chain† ten of the last eleven years. | 1997| PepsiCo announces restaurant spin-off. 1998| Pizza Hut celebrates 40 years of making and serving great pizza. | Pizza Hut Consumer Prof ile DEMOGRAPHICSThe age group of our customers is family oriented i. e. , the parlor offers a variety that to the needs of the family as a whole. | INCOMEThe income bracket includes Rs. 50,000 per month and above. | OCCUPATIONProfessionals, Executives, House Wives, studying individuals. | PSYCHOGRAPHCS| ACTIVITIESActively participate in social welfare causes, business matters, and members of socially elite clubs, annual family vacations. LIFE STYLEEncouraging eating habits towards foreign foodstuff, for instance, likely to use cake mixes, imported cheese. | MEDIA HABITSRegular readers of Newspapers and Magazines. | PERSONALITYQuality food conscious, outgoing and healthy eating habits health conscious people. | Pizza hut marketing mix Product Pizza Hut offers aims in providing 100% customer satisfaction by excellence in the product, service, equipment and hospitality they offer the products quality and taste remains standard of excellence all over the world.It has maintained its qual ity by importing the main ingredients and keeping the recipes the same exclusively, for the South Asia regions it test launched spicy flavoured Chicken Tikka. Followed by a Seek Kebab Pizza. Which gained and remained so popular that they were included in the regular menu? To make a check of its service and customers satisfaction, they issue a comment card to make sure they come up to their customer’s satisfaction. Price They are serving various variety of Pizzas, there menu card along with their respective prices have been placed at the appendix section. PromotionPizza Hut runs more or less the same type of promotion and advertising campaigns in Pakistan as it does internationally, with the exception of electronic media. It uses advertising tools such as newspapers, magazines to create awareness and to get its message through its required target market. Recently they are doing joint promotion with Milo and Pepsi in connection with World Cup Cricket 1999. Pizza Hut promotion b udget remains the same worldwide except for a few countries i. e. it allocates 50% of its promotion budget on national advertising and 50% of the budget to regional advertising.With regard to promotion, they have launched kid Club for children under 12 year of age. Every Tuesday is kids night for members where they get 50% discount on their order. They are trying to start a program called book it, to promote reading habits among kids. Any child who reads a book and get it signs by his teacher that he has read it get a free Pizza. Pizza Hut has adapted to promotional and advertising techniques regarding the local market. It uses Newspaper and Magazines according to their availability and effectiveness with regard to their respective target market. PlaceBANGALORE:-At present there are 50 functioning units of Pizza Hut in BANGALORE, few of them are ITPL| Takeaway, Dine-in seating capacity of 200| Airport Road| Takeaway, Dine-in seating capacity of 250| PCP| Takeaway, dine-in seating ca pacity of 120| FORUM MALL| Take away with dine-in seating capacity of 50. | C hally| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 150| jayanagar| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 120| Kormangla| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 200| Shanti Nagar| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 150| Signature Mall| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 150| BSK| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 120|BSK-2| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 120| V Mall| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 120| M Mall| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 150| Vijay Nagar| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 150| Ramaya| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 120| CMH Road| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 110| Kanak Pura| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 120| Brigade Road| Takeaway, dine-in seating capacity of 110| Product Profile of Pizza Hut Pizza hut serves the quality and variety of food product of many flavours, this product can be classified as follow:- * Pizzas (Veg ; Non veg) * Beverages Appetizer ( Hot ; Cold) * Main course ( Pizzas) * Deserts * Tea * Pastas Beverages Appetizer Pizzas 3. 2 dominos profile Privately held Domino's, Inc. is the number two pizza chain in the world, trailing only the Pizza Hut division of YUM! Brands, Inc. The company operates a network of more than 7,300 company-owned and franchised stores in all 50 U. S. states and more than 50 other countries. Nearly 90 % of Domino's more than 4,800 U. S. outlets are franchise stores. Including the employees of franchisees, there are about 145,000 Domino's workers around the world, and global system wide sales in 2002 totals $3. 6 billion. Domino's was built on simple concepts, offering just delivery or carry-out and an extremely limited menu: for more than 30 years, the company offered only two sizes of pizza, 11 topping choices, and–until 1990–only one beverage, cola. In recent years the company has added salads, breadsticks, and other non-pizza items to its menu in an effor t to stave off rivals Pizza Hut, Papa John's International, Inc. , and Little Caesar Enterprises, Inc. , but has otherwise held fast to its focus on the basics of providing quality pizza and service.The driving force behind Domino's for most of its history was founder Tom Monaghan, who late in 1998 sold control of the company to Bain Capital, Inc. , a Boston-based private equity investment firm. Monaghan, however, retained a 27 % voting stake. Originating in the 1960s Monaghan was born in 1937 near Ann Arbor, Michigan. Following his father's death in 1941, Monaghan lived in a succession of foster homes, including a Catholic orphanage, for much of his childhood. His mother, after finishing nursing school and buying a house, made two attempts to have Tom and his brother live at home with her, but she and Tom failed to get along.During these years Monaghan worked a lot of jobs, many of them on farms. His father's aunt took him in during his senior year of high school, but after that he was once again on his own. A quote from Monaghan in his high school yearbook read: â€Å"The harder I try to be good the worse I get; but I may do something sensational yet. † For several years Monaghan worked to try to save money for college; he joined the Marines and saved $2,000, but gave it in several instalments to a fly-by-night â€Å"oil man† he met hitchhiking, who took the money and ran. Monaghan returned to Ann Arbor to ive with his brother Jim, who worked for the Post Office and did occasional carpentry work at a pizza shop called Domi Nick's. When Jim Monaghan overheard the pizza shop owner discussing a possible sale, he mentioned buying it as a possibility to Tom. With the aid of a $900 loan from the Post Office credit union, in December 1960 Jim and Tom Monaghan were in business in Ypsilanti, Michigan. Within eight months, Jim Monaghan took a beat-up Volkswagen Beetle as a trade for his half of the partnership. Tom moved in across the street from his sho p. The store Monaghan bought had little room for sit-down dining; from the start, delivery was key.The first drivers, laid-off factory workers, agreed to work on commission. After only $99 in sales the first week, profits climbed steadily to $750 a week. Early on, Monaghan made decisions that streamlined work and greatly enhanced profits: on two separate occasions he dropped six-inch pizzas and submarine sandwiches from his menu when he was shorthanded at his shop, reasoning that he and his staff could handle the rush better without making special-sized pizzas or sandwiches in addition to regular pizzas. When he went over the numbers the day after, both times Monaghan found that his volume and profits had increased.Keeping the menu simple made financial sense. Although his salary rose to $20,000 a year, Monaghan was not satisfied. On the advice of Jim Gilmore, a local chef with some restaurant experience, Monaghan opened a Pizza King store offering free delivery in Mt. Pleasant, nea r the Central Michigan University campus. Gilmore ran the original DomiNick's as a full partner with Monaghan. By early 1962, although the Ypsilanti store was not doing well, Gilmore persuaded Monaghan to open a Pizza King at a new Ann Arbor location, which Gilmore would oversee while Monaghan whipped the original DomiNick's back into shape.Gilmore convinced Monaghan to continue expanding in a financially dangerous way: because Gilmore had been bankrupt when the partnership began, all papers were in Monaghan's name. By 1964, when Gilmore became ill, he made his differences clear: he liked sit-down stores while Monaghan ran delivery. He asked for $35,000 for his share in the pizzerias. Although Monaghan considered the price preposterous, he did want to separate from Gilmore. He hired lawyer Larry Sperling, who worked out a deal whereby Monaghan would pay Gilmore $20,000.Gilmore would keep two restaurants in Ann Arbor; Monaghan, two pizzerias in Ypsilanti and one in Ann Arbor. Althoug h their partnership was dissolved, Monaghan was still dependent on Gilmore's success in business. In February 1966 Monaghan bought one more shop from Gilmore, but later that year Gilmore filed for bankruptcy, with a total debt of $75,000, in Monaghan's name. Monaghan managed to sell Gilmore's restaurant, leaving him immediately responsible for only $20,000, with the new owner of Gilmore's to pay off related debts on a month-by-month basis.As Monaghan's operations grew, the original owner of DomiNick's decided to maintain rights to the name. Under deadline for a Yellow Pages ad, driver Jim Kennedy came up with the name Domino's Pizza. The new company incorporated in 1965. Free from the Gilmore-related debts, Monaghan was ready to begin franchising. The first board of directors included Tom, his wife and bookkeeper, Margie, and Larry Sperling. Sperling drafted a franchise agreement in which Domino's would keep 2. 5 % as royalties from sales, 2 % to cover advertising, and 1 % for bookk eeping.As Monaghan stated in his autobiography Pizza Tiger: â€Å"By today's standards, the royalties were far too favourable to the franchisee. But it served our purpose then, and I was not concerned about covering all future contingencies. † The first franchisee, Chuck Gary, was a man visible in local and state politics; he took over an original store on the east side of Ypsilanti. While Sperling and Monaghan hammered out financial matters–the former wanted to control costs, the latter to build sales–Domino's Pizza slowly gathered a base of corporate staff.The second franchisee, Dean Jenkins, was handpicked by Monaghan to take over the first store to be built from the ground up. By July 1967, when Jenkins's store was up and running, Domino's Pizza moved to East Lansing, home of Michigan State University. Its dormitory population, at approximately 20,000, was the largest in the nation. Dave Kilby, originally hired to do some radio copywriting for Domino's, late r bought into a franchise, then began working at company headquarters, located above the Cross Street shop in Ypsilanti. Kilby then worked on franchisee expansion with Monaghan.In February 1968 a fire swept through Monaghan's original pizza store. Advertising manager Bob Cotman escaped the building just in time, climbing down a fireman's ladder. Although the pizza shop reopened within two days, headquarters was wiped out and Domino's first commissary, with $40,000 of stored goods, was destroyed. The staff pulled together, with each existing store location responsible for producing one pizza item–cheese, dough, chopped toppings–which drivers then ferried from one store to the next to keep operations running.The biggest challenge for Monaghan was not simply covering the total fire losses of $150,000 (only $13,000 paid for by insurance), but also paying the leases on five new franchises and finding store operators as soon as possible. While Tom worked on his task, Margie Monaghan brought in Mike Paul, her contact at the Ypsilanti bank, who soon joined Domino's to run the commissary. Paul fired half of the staff and cleaned up operations; he introduced caps, aprons, and periodic spot checks for employee neatness. Monaghan learned a lot in the early years of Domino's, due in part to road trips he took to research business and learn from competitors.When observing the competition did not result in better methods, Monaghan innovated. Looking for equipment ideas at a Chicago convention, he found a meat-grinder that he used to chop cheese as well as mix consistent pizza dough in less than a minute, in contrast to standard mixers, which took eight to ten minutes to mix dough. Dough, once mixed, was stored on oiled pans; although covered by towels, the outside edges of the dough hardened. Monaghan discovered an airtight fiberglass container that stored dough very well, and his practice later became a standard in the industry.Monaghan also was dissatisfied w ith standard pizza boxes: they were too flimsy to stack, and heat and steam from the pizza weakened them. Monaghan prodded his salesman to work with the supplier and devise a corrugated box with air holes, which also became an industry standard. Franchising in the 1970s Plans began in earnest for Midwest expansion as Domino's jumped on the 1960s franchise bandwagon. Although Monaghan had worked on his plan to expand on college campuses, opening a new store a week in late 1968 proved to be the beginning of a nightmare.Monaghan opened 32 stores in 1969 and was hailed as Ypsilanti's boy wonder. Spurred by McDonald's great success going public in 1965, Monaghan planned to do the same. With the aid of loans, he bought a fleet of 85 new delivery cars, and spruced up his personal image; he also hired an accounting firm to computerize the company's bookkeeping. When moving information from paper to computer, Domino's lost all its records Perhaps as a result, the company underpaid the Intern al Revenue Service by $36,000. Monaghan was forced to sell his stock for the first time to raise the money to pay the IRS.Monaghan tried to do too much, too fast. Ohio stores opened before Domino's reputation had spread that far and sales were poor. This was only the beginning of the downturn: on May 1, 1970, Monaghan lost control of Domino's. Dan Quirk, who had bought Monaghan's stock, recommended that he contact Ken Heavlin, a local man known for turning businesses around. Heavlin, in exchange for Monaghan's remaining stock, would run the company, get loans to cover IRS debts, and after two years keeps a controlling 51 % interest in the company, with Monaghan getting 49 %.In the meantime, Domino's became the target of lawsuits from various franchisees, creditors, and the law firm Cross, Wrack. In March 1971 Heavlin ended his agreement with Monaghan, who shortly went to speak with each franchisee, persuading them that Domino's would survive the crisis and they would all fare better working with him rather than against him. Their lawsuit was dropped. Monaghan pushed on, and Domino's was back in business, however tight its financial strings. One man instrumental in the growth of the early 1970s was Richard Mueller.Originally from Ohio, Mueller bought a franchise in Ann Arbor in 1970, during Domino's lowest period. After Mueller ran this store for a year, Monaghan sent him to Columbus to revive an ailing store; within three months, sales shot up from $600 to $7,000 a week. Mueller soon operated ten Domino's franchises and incorporated as Ohio Pizza Enterprises, Inc. Within six-and-a-half years Mueller opened 50 stores. As Domino's grew, Mueller went on to become vice-president of operations in 1978. Quick to rebuild Domino's, Monaghan encouraged trusted employees and friends to expand.Steve Litwhiler opened five stores in Vermont, while Dave Kilby, who had relocated during the Domino's slump, managed to build a strong base in Florida. A significant hire by Kilby was Dave Black, a top-selling manager who later rose to become president and COO of Domino's Pizza. The year 1973 was a turning point for Domino's. The company introduced its first delivery guarantee, â€Å"a half hour or a half dollar off,† as stated in the company newsletter the Pepperoni Press. The College of Pizzarology was founded to train potential franchisees.The company decentralized as well: accounting was moved from Ypsilanti headquarters to local accountants, while the commissary was reorganized as a separate company. Domino's introduced its corporate logo, a red domino flush against two blue rectangles, in 1975. The company was sued the same year by Amstar Corporation, parent company of Domino Sugar, for the right to use the name. After a five-year battle, Domino's won, but not until after more than 30 new stores were opened under the interim name Pizza Dispatch. Free to expand, Domino's planned to grow by 50 percent each year.By the late 1970s, several acquisiti ons contributed significantly to company growth. Domino's merged with PizzaCo Inc. , in 1978, gaining 23 open stores plus a handful more under lease. The merger with this Boulder-based company allowed Domino's to move into Kansas, Arizona, and Nebraska. The following year, joining with Dick Mueller's Ohio Pizza Enterprises, Inc. , Domino's added 50 stores in Ohio and Texas, for a total of 287 stores. The company ended 1979 by announcing plans to expand internationally. The new non-U. S. store subsequently opened in Winnipeg, Canada, in 1983.Rapid Growth in the 1980s The 1980s was a decade of phenomenal growth for Domino's Pizza, but this time the company was prepared. Although Monaghan had always feared that formal budgeting systems promoted bureaucracy, with the advice of Doug Dawson, Monaghan decided to design companywide budgeting procedures, which Domino's continued to use as training tools for potential franchisees. Dawson implemented the new accounting methods and moved on to become vice-president of marketing and corporate treasurer. Instrumental in Domino's surge was John McDevitt, a financial consultant Monaghan met in 1977.Among other accomplishments, he created and became president of TSM Leasing, Inc. , a financial services company that loaned money to franchisees who could not find other start-up financing. To Monaghan, operations was the backbone of the business. When Dick Mueller left the post of vice-president of operations in 1981 to work as a franchiser once again, Monaghan decided to regionalize Domino's operations. Mueller's previous job entailed far too much travel, and changes were necessary. Monaghan set up six geographic regions, with a director fully responsible for each territory.The regional system, as Monaghan stated in Pizza Tiger, â€Å"gave us the long communication lines with tight controls at the working ends that we needed for rapid but well-orchestrated growth. † At the executive level, Bob Cotman took over as senior v ice-president of operations, including marketing. Dave Black advanced from field consultant and regional director to vice-president of operations. Both men (like Dick Mueller and Monaghan himself) had climbed every step of the Domino's ladder, after beginning as delivery driver and pizza maker.In 1981 Black carried Monaghan's favoured â€Å"defensive management† strategy–whereby each store concentrated on keeping the customers it had–to a new level, by moving the company's focus away from its top-performing stores to its weakest ones. Bringing the lower performers up worked extremely well. As the company added an average of nearly 500 stores each year through the decade, newer, weaker stores were constantly given attention to improve sales. One other element vital to Domino's 1980s growth spurt was choosing Don Vlcek, formerly in the meat business, to head the eight commissary operations.Vlcek focused on uncovering best practices and disseminating them throughou t the organization. When he discovered that one commissary saved on laundry bills by rinsing out the towels used to dry trays, making them last a week before cleaning was necessary, Vlcek made all other commissaries do the same. When he found that another commissary's manager was buying from a local cheese distributor instead of a less expensive national one, the manager reworked his purchasing policies. Fleck moved sauce-mixing from the commissaries to the company's tomato-packing plant, which resulted in highly consistent, quality pizza sauce.Once Vlcek had taken care of the basics, in one eight-month period he opened a new commissary a month, all with state-of-the-art equipment. All the support Monaghan received gave him time to fulfil boyhood dreams on a dramatic scale. In 1983 he bought the Detroit Tigers baseball team, which went on to win the World Series in 1984. He followed with the establishment in 1984 of Domino's Farms in Ann Arbor, a $120 million corporate headquarters modelled after architect Frank Lloyd Wright's Golden Beacon tower. Wright advocated the integration of a high-rise building in a rural setting, rather than an urban one.Monaghan also set up a working farm adjacent to the tower. In 1985, Advertising Age placed Domino's â€Å"among the fastest-growing money makers in the restaurant industry. † The company had to keep pace not only with its own growth but also with that of its competition, including the industry leader, Pizza Hut, which had more than 4,000 units to Domino's 2,300. Domino's stepped up advertising, increasing media spending 249 percent over the previous year. Pizza Hut entered the delivery business in 1986, posing a huge threat to Monaghan's empire. Domino's system wide sales reached $1. 44 billion by 1987.The company had grown to 3,605 units, spreading to Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, West Germany, and Japan. While 33 per cent of U. S. stores were company-run, international units were franchised, usually to one operator who could opt to sub franchise. The international marketing challenge was to convince buyers of the need for delivery. Back in the United States, Domino's imitated McDonald's Corporation by tailoring an ad campaign to attract the Hispanic market. Competition in the late 1980s got so tough that Monaghan was quoted in Advertising Age as saying, â€Å"I want people here in the company to think of it as a war. Unfortunately, with wars come casualties. By 1989 more than 20 deaths had occurred involving Domino's drivers, calling the company's 30-minute delivery guarantee into question. A Pittsburgh-based attorney representing a couple whose car was broadsided by a driver subpoenaed Domino's for its records. Citizen's groups, major news networks, and the National Safe Work Place Institute joined in the heated criticism. Domino's responded with a national ad campaign and with various tactics at the franchise level. One franchisee hired an off-duty police officer to track h is drivers to ensure that they obeyed the law.Domino's opened its 5,000th store by January 1989, moving into Puerto Rico, Mexico, Guam, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Costa Rica, and Spain. U. S. sales hit $2 billion. Monaghan named Dave Black as president and chief operating officer, announcing his own intentions to spend more time on community work. In May Domino's introduced pan pizza, its first new product in 28 years. This news was hardly as big, however, as Monaghan's October announcement of his intent to sell the company. After a buyout attempt in the form of an employee stock ownership plan failed, Monaghan went shopping for buyers.By April 1990 Domino's cut its public relations and international marketing departments and continued cutting executive and corporate support staff as part of a companywide effort to improve profitability. Payroll that year decreased by $24 million. Kevin Williams, who made his name as a regional director, replaced Mike Orcus as vice-president of ope rations. At the store level, Domino's opened fewer than 300 units in both 1989 and 1990. Another Comeback in the 1990s With Domino's sales slipping, and rivals Pizza Hut and Little Caesar's gaining market share, Monaghan returned to Domino's in March 1991 to pull his company back on track.By December he had fired David Black, along with other top executives. Former franchisee Phil Bressler became vice-president of operations. Domino's closed 155 stores, cut regional offices from 16 to nine, and unloaded extravagances such as corporate planes, a three-misted ship, a travel agency, a lavish Ann Arbour Christmas display, and various sports sponsorships. Monaghan made some personal sacrifices, too, leaving his post on the boards of directors of 16 Catholic colleges and organizations. Domino's 1991 system wide revenues remained flat at $2. billion, and the company posted a loss of $67 million. Adding three new senior executives, the company geared up to battle Pizza Hut, which had aired an ad showing unkempt Domino's drivers buying Pizza Hut products. Domino's moved its advertising accounts to New York's Grey Advertising, Inc. , from the local ad agency Group 243. While Monaghan was away, PepsiCo’s Pizza Hut had converted half of its 7,000 units for home delivery. Under fire, Monaghan insisted on maintaining Domino's original concept of a simple menu that speeds order preparation, allowing the company to uphold its 30-minute guarantee.In an effort to be flexible–and to compete with Pizza Hut's pan pizza–Domino's offered a new pizza with more cheese and an increased number of toppings. Taking another tip from its rival, Domino's worked on developing a single U. S. phone order number for Domino's customers and a new computer system to track sales, costs, and trends. The company closed the Columbus and Minneapolis offices, with corporate headquarters in Ann Arbour assuming their duties. The overall goal was to decrease debt. Monaghan considered ma king a public stock offering again in 1992, but too few buyers were forthcoming.The company also worked to lessen the number of company-owned stores. In November 1992 Monaghan shook up his upper ranks by replacing his long-time adviser and vice-president of finance, John McDevitt, with Tim Carr, another financial executive at Domino's, and hiring Larry Sheehan, a former executive vice-president of Little Caesar's, as vice-president of marketing and product development. Sheehan immediately put his stamp on the turnaround effort, convincing Monaghan to experiment with new strategies and products, including salads, thin-crust pizza, and submarine sandwiches. Tom Monaghan is now very open about the pizza business,† he said. â€Å"He believes we need to take a different approach to this business and be willing to change. † The changes seemed to work. Earnings for 1993 picked up, after dropping significantly the two previous years. In yet another change, Domino's dropped its famous 30-minutes-or-less pledge after a jury awarded a $78 million settlement to a woman who had been hit by a Domino's delivery driver in 1989. Monaghan stated that â€Å"with our success in home delivery has come a negative public perception that we are not committed to safety. The 30-minute guarantee was replaced with a more general customer satisfaction guarantee. In January 1994 Larry Sheehan left Domino's, after a dispute with Monaghan over the size of his year-end bonus. Although his departure was widely considered a loss to the company, his changes had taken hold, and Domino's system wide sales crept upward, to $2. 5 billion in 1995. Shortly thereafter Domino's celebrated the opening of its 1,000th international store, in a suburb of Perth, Australia.With a stated goal of having more international than domestic stores, Domino's opened stores in Ecuador, Peru, and Egypt in 1995, and planned to have 3,000 international stores by the year 2,000. By 1996 foreign sales stood at $503 million, and in 1997 Domino's entered its 50th international market. In the meantime, the menu in the U. S. stores expanded yet again, with the introduction of Buffalo wings in 1994 and through a limited-time-only promotion of flavoured-crust pizzas during 1996.Sheehan was succeeded as vice-president of marketing and product development by Cheryl Bach elder, a seasoned executive with experience at Planters, Gillette, and Procter & Gamble who brought focus to Domino's efforts. â€Å"We're not trying to be fun and wacky and do delivery and carry-out all at the same time,† she said. â€Å"We're trying to excel single-mindedly on the basics of this business. † In March 1997 Domino's announced its previous year results, which dispelled any doubts that the company was back on track. Earnings were a record $50. 6 million on system wide sales of $2. billion. â€Å"We believe the return to focusing on our core business–pizza delivery–coupled with great new products and

Monday, July 29, 2019

Analysis of Citizen Kane Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Citizen Kane - Essay Example and Orson Welles, was full of remarkable scenes and performances. It was able to deliver good narrative techniques and showed fantastic innovations in photography, editing, and sound. However, the film was linked to controversies and negative gossips. In fact, the persons behind the making of this film had received threats through intimidation, blackmail, newspaper smears, discrediting and even was subjected to FBI investigations before the day of its premiere in 1941 in New York City (â€Å"Citizen Kane†). Some watchers found the film as wonderful and extraordinary; others said it was just a mere fiction. Despite the good compliments of some, the film was accused of drawing remarkable, unflattering, and uncomplimentary parallels, not to mention the scene where Susan Alexander Kane character--how it was portrayed to real life. In addition, many did not give ‘nod’ to the film because it was accused of negative fictionalizing and caricaturing of certain events and i ndividuals, especially individuals like in the life of William Randolph Hearst, a prominent and powerful newspaper magnate and publisher.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Psychological reaserch methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Psychological reaserch methods - Essay Example For the purposes of this study, and determining the effect of attention on these elements, perception is defined as that which makes visual information available, and cognition is the uses of that visual information. This is significant in this study because of the questions related to when does perception cease and cognitive processing begin. Subjects were recruited from the New York City public school system, and all were tested with standardized methods to obtain an experimental group which demonstrated moderate reading disability. This was determined by using a selection criterion of scoring between 0.5 SD and 1.0 SD below national mean scores; one parameter of the study was to focus on mild-to-moderate reading disability (rather than severe) given the authors' perception that this group has been neglected in the area of therapeutic efficacy. Informed consent was obtained from both the parents and the children, and was approved by an independent review board. The methodology was to use a battery of standardized attention tests to determine the level of reading disability and, once the parameters had been set, to divide the qualified population into two groups; control and test subject. The control group received no therapy between the initial and final rounds of testing, and the experimental group received 12 one-hour weekly sessions of computer-based reading comprehension therapy. At the end of the 12 week study period, both groups were re-tested and the results compared. The analysis of the study was thorough, and utilized relevant literature and previous studies to provide scope and comment. While the authors recognize the need for further study in various areas, the results indicated that attention skills are measurable, attention therapy improves attention, and that the experimental group outscored the control group. The only additional elements that I might add to this research would be to expand it beyond its limited scope to include the evaluation of other attention deficit factors. The limitations to this study included a relatively small sample size, using an experimental methodology in a first-step study, and the inherent uncertainty related to attention studies generally. I think the researchers were thorough and appropriate, in their methodology, ethical in their application, correct in their analysis, and validated their hypothesis. The study itself was presented logically, clearly, and comports with the standard research reporting regimen of practitioners at this level. References Solan, H.A., Shelley-Tremblay, J., Ficarra, A., Silverman, M., & Larson, S. (2003).Effect of attention therapy on reading comprehen

The Principles of Corporate Social Responsibility Concept Assignment

The Principles of Corporate Social Responsibility Concept - Assignment Example Currently, it has become a focus for many companies due to its continuing commitment to help businesses contribute to economic development by being responsible to their respective stakeholders (Hancock, 2005, 12). The greater part of the CSR has helped manage or improve environmental and social impacts of the company. The increased use of CSR has encouraged the corporate sector to be more environmentally and socially responsible particularly at a time when the crisis has damaged consumer’s level of trust in the operations of the company. This coupled with the rise in transparency and social media has facilitated companies to begin taking CSR more seriously in order to help reduce their environmental impacts (Louche et al, 2010, 209). Corporate social responsibility has helped enterprises to contribute to the highly competitive social market economy and sustainable development. Responsible business conduct has helped many private sector operators to provide public services. For instance, they have provided employment opportunities, social amenities as well as sustainable, smart and inclusive growth (Mullerat & Brennan, 2011, 29).   CSR has facilitated engagement with both external and internal stakeholders thus enabling businesses to take advantage of societal fast-changing expectations as well as operating conditions. The enterprises have acted as drivers for the emergence of other markets and the development of real opportunities for growth. Companies normally commit responsible investment in various sectors of the economy to enhance the social welfare of their stakeholders. This results in economic growth thus improving the living standards of the stakeholders (Mullerat & Brennan, 2011, 89). Corporate social responsibility planning has come to the forefront for major companies’ future growth opportunities. Their increased investment in CSR initiatives, for instance, environmental initiative, has been very attractive in inducing economic stimulus of a country while at the same  time achieving solid CRS goals.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Genetic Screening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Genetic Screening - Essay Example Genetic testing does not reveal if you have a disease. It can only show that you are predisposed to getting an ailment. Barring a worker because they may one day develop a fatal disease is like throwing someone in jail because they may someday steal a car. There is no certainty that the disease will ever develop just as there is no way to profile who may become a thief. According to the American Medical Association (AMA), "Genetic tests alone do not have sufficient predictive value to be relied upon..." ("Genetic Testing"). Our limited knowledge of the complex interactions of numerous genes and our environment makes this new science little more than guesswork. If employers begin guessing who may have a genetic marker for a physical ailment, it won't be long before they look at brain scans for a predisposition of a personality trait. Medical ethics would dictate that, "Genetic privacy, like medical privacy in general, involves notions of the dignity and integrity of the individual" (Bereano).

Friday, July 26, 2019

See intrusctions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

See intrusctions - Research Paper Example It will develop learning objectives based on the training requirements; describe additional training modules that could be developed based on the training objectives; represent an evaluation of evaluation instruments used in the Fabrics, Inc. case. Fabrics, Inc. is a fast growing company which within the two years has increased the number of its employees from forty to two hundred. However, there occurred problems within the organizational environment connected with the retention of employees and the incorrect work of supervisors which do not treat staff well. Besides, there were obtained complaints from customers about the inappropriate behavior of supervisors. Such behavior could be partially explained by the absence of any formal training that was provided to those nine supervisors promoted from within. Despite knowing the work of employees and how to solve daily problems, supervisors do not help them and what is more important they get into arguments which are not helping in the working situations. The owner considers that despite the size of an organization, there is no need to yell at employees, hence, supervisors need to be trained in effective ways to deal with the staff. The assessment of needs is the primary step in designing and development of training program in the organization. However, to understand what training is required, a need assessment should be conducted. According to Dahiya and Jha (2011), the undertaking needs assessment will enable organization to determine the nature of performance issues and thus to identify the reason for training. Milner and Osinski (2002) consider that need assessment is utilized to help with the performance of work teams, solve problems and productivity issues within an organization and to prepare for the future changes in job execution and duties. According to Chang, Chiang and Kun yi (2012), there is a need to conduct a training need analysis prior the

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Discussion 1 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion 1 - Coursework Example After listening to the Goralski dance suite, it has been analysed that each of the five dances are not only different from one another but are also similar at the same time. The Podhale region of Poland is known for its distinctive music and dances because which are based on couple dances varying from one village to another. All the five dances are based on different content and styles but carry similarities in terms of the two basic regional attributes which are based on the rocky foothills of the Tatra Mountains in southern Poland and the districts of Orawa and Spisz. The similarity in the five dances is based on the solo dance that each couple performs in the manner of a series of dances. The difference starts to appear when each male dancer starts to sing a different tune in a free style rhythm. This tune is then also played by the musicians for the couple to continue dancing in a rhythmtic manner. There is also a great difference between country and international dance. Traditional dance, being part of our local culture is always part of our daily lives and it bears great importance as well. Traditional dance represents and showcases various aspects of that country and defines it in a certain way. There are various forms and genres that exist in every culture. International dance on the other hand, mainly incorporates almost all types and kinds of dances from all over the world that includes traditional, non-traditional among others. Various contemporary American dances have emerged nowadays but they cannot be regarded as equivalent to the goralski set of dances. This is because the goralski set of dances are based on the folklore culture of Poland and based on traditional tunes and dance steps. The contemporary American dances are performed on new tunes which do not carry any cultural heritage of the American

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Human Resources and EEO Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resources and EEO - Essay Example umb, scientific management allowed tasks and function to be broken down into specifics to clearly delineate duties for possible quantification and optimization of workers output. Process are now clearly defined as well as how to do it that does not leave any room for intuitive job functioning. Other theorists followed suit such as Maslow, Mayo, McGregor, Vroom and Herzberg venturing on other aspects of human resources such as motivation and efficiency on how could human resource do more and make them happy. Businesses realize that it is important for them to its human resource not only for them to commit and perform but also to keep them in the organisation. Keeping valuable employees motivated in an organisation is not only intended to make them commit and perform but also to keep them over the long haul because they are the organization’s most valuable asset(Guld, 2007). In sum, the following are the theorists who allowed human resource to evolve. Taylor first conceived the idea that workers are mainly motivated solely by wage. He posited that management has to possess the control and knowledge of the methods of production so that it would have a greater control of achieving efficiency in an organisation that includes motivating its workforce (Jaffe 2008). For Taylor, the breaking up functions into small quantifiable tasks is necessary to make the time-piece rate pay possible that will encourage employees to work harder if they can see that they are being paid with more work (Taylor 1911). This theory assumed that employees are more motivated with more pay and confined motivation to solely addressing the economic needs of a business organisation’s employees. Mayo expanded Taylor’s idea of motivating employees by including their social needs that also has to be satisfied while at work (Sarachek 1968). For Elton Mayo, employees are not only motivated by satifying their economic needs but also their needs to interact with fellow employees.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Media Audience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Media Audience - Essay Example Media research problems are many and some of them are connected with the ethnography. Meeting people, observing them, participating in their activities, experiencing, reflecting, and understanding are considered to be the real ethnography. Media ethnography is virtual, proper, accumulated experiences, matters of every day life, some important and the rest unimportant. There should be a tradition, or continuity in it because the field or object should have existed for at least a certain amount of time, media ethnographies are about the end users, here, they are the audience. It is important to know how ethnography could be contextualised. While researching on the key issue of ethnography, mostly it is done on the constraints placed on the media. Media ethnography studies various fields of media and how it could be used in understanding the audience. "Audiences are not blank sheets of paper on which media messages can be written; members of an audience will have prior attitudes and beliefs which will determine how effective media messages are," Abercrombie (1996, p. 140). Media ethnography is a new methodology, and one of... In wireless research communication poses methodological challenges where cell phone usage is concerned. It is interesting to find out the social rules, adherence and breakage from them, and how new rules and new cell phone etiquette are formulated all the time. It maps the cell phone's capacity of fast becoming the social topography markers and it analyses the trend. Researchers face the problems of analysing the modifications, innovations, discoveries, new social interactions, violations, discarding of old social behaviours over the phone. New media research is also forced to analyse the usage of codes in social interactions and conversations. There are many challenges that are confronted by media researchers in coding too. If the research is about the internet, researcher has to find the reason, motivation, kinds of information and decision making while researching on internet. It is important to know how it is used for online interviews, how people are found and positioned, in what way it is better than personal interviews, or over telephone and how it is using the updated technology. It is also interesting to find out about the chat rooms that use many topics, political, economical, social, religious, cultural and informational and why, how and how often they use this facility. Researching on use-net and message boards had not been easy either. Researcher faces difficulties in finding people for interview and retaining their interest for the time of his research. Good sampling is an equally difficult task because to create and structure such a group of par excellence again is very difficult. Formatting the interview, deciding its mode and means of conducting such an

Monday, July 22, 2019

A Rumi of One’s Own Essay Example for Free

A Rumi of One’s Own Essay Several years ago Kabir Helminski, a sheikh of the Mevlevi Order of Sufism, received a call from Madonna’s producer, who wanted to hire his troupe of whirling dervishes for a music video inspired by the 13th-century Persian poet Rumi. Helminski read the script, learned that a guy would be lying on top of Madonna while she sang â€Å"Let’s get unconscious, honey,† and wrote a polite letter declining the request. He also sent a package of books so that the singer might get a better sense of Rumi’s teachings. Like many Persian literary scholars, Helminski, who runs the Threshold Society, a Sufi study center in California, has had little success in convincing Americans that Rumi is about more than transcendent sex. (Madonna later recited Rumi’s poems on a CD, A Gift of Love, along with Goldie Hawn and Martin Sheen.) One of the five best-selling poets in America, Rumi, who was born 800 years ago in what is now part of Afghanistan, has become famous for his ability to convey mystical passion: his lovers are frequently merging into one, forgetting who they are, and crying out in pain. Yet his religious work—one book is popularly called the â€Å"Koran in Persian†Ã¢â‚¬â€is often ignored. To uncover and celebrate his heritage, UNESCO has declared 2007 the Year of Rumi; conferences about his work are being held in Istanbul, Kabul, Tehran, Dushanbe, and Ann Arbor. One of the featured speakers in Ann Arbor this fall will be Coleman Barks, an American poet who is largely responsible for Rumi’s American popularity as well as his reputation as an erotic soul-healer. Born in Tennessee, Barks freely admits to not knowing Persian (scholars call his best-selling works from the translations of others â€Å"re-Englishings†). While his poems are far more elegant and accessible than any previous English renditions, they tend to turn holy scenes into moments of sexual passion. Sometimes he takes out references to God and replaces them with â€Å"love.† As he explained in the introduction to his 2001 collection of poems, The Soul of Rumi, â€Å"I avoid God-words, not altogether, but wherever I can, because they seem to take away the freshness of experience and p ut it inside a specific system.† But Rumi, who spent most of his adult life in Konya, Turkey, based his life and poetry around that system. The son of an Islamic preacher, he prayed five times a day, made pilgrimages to Mecca, and memorized the Koran. Under the influence of an older dervish, Shams of Tabriz, he devoted his life to Sufism, an ancient, mystical branch of Islam. Sufis are less concerned with the codes and rituals of Islam than with making direct contact with God; as one scholar puts it, â€Å"Sufism is the core of the religion, the nut without the shell.† Still, the traditional Islamic texts are central to the faith. â€Å"I am the slave of the Qur’an and dust under the feet of Muhammad,† Rumi writes. â€Å"Anyone who claims otherwise is no friend of mine.† Rumi put forth an alarming quantity of writing—about 70,000 verses in 25 years—which affords translators the luxury of leaving out poems that might alienate the average American reader. In the introduction to his 2003 Rumi: The Book of Love,Barks jokes that his previous book of translations â€Å"achieved the cultural status of an empty Diet Coke can.† He gives the language a Southern hominess and an almost childlike simplicity: Love comes sailing through and I scream. Love sits beside me like a private supply of itself. Love puts away the instruments and takes off the silk robes. Our nakedness   together changes me completely. Starting with 50-year-old prose translations by the British scholar A.J. Arberry, Barks takes liberties to make Rumi’s language more accessible and universal. Occasionally this results in more than subtle changes in meaning. In one mistake, documented by the independent scholar Ibrahim Gamard, Barks mistranslates the word â€Å"blind† as â€Å"blond† due to a typo in Arberry’s version—inadvertently turning a scene about the abandonment of those who don’t know God (â€Å"Bright-hearted companions, haste, despite all the blind ones, to home, to home!†) into a part about resisting sexual lures (â€Å"I know it’s tempting to stay and meet these blonde women†). In Rumi’s time, it’s hard to imagine that there were many women with yellow hair; there wasn’t even a word for it. Barks’s wholesome soulfulness should be credited for bringing Rumi’s work to popularity, but in the process he leaves behind perhaps the most important part of the poems. â€Å"Rumi is not a great poet in spite of Islam,† says William Chittick, a Sufi literature scholar at Stony Brook University. â€Å"He’s a great poet because of Islam. It’s because he lived his religion fully that he became this great expositor on beauty and love.† There’s a sense in Rumi’s poems that he is at his emotional limits, simultaneously ecstatic and exhausted. His faith seems desperate, and almost tangible. Such devotion is striking because it’s inspired by God, not by the promise of sex as it sometimes appears in the translations. â€Å"He was the most important religious figure of his day,† says Jawid Mojaddedi, an Afghan-born Rumi scholar at Rutgers, whose translation of Book Two of Rumis Masnavi came out this month. â€Å"And yet people are shocked to find out Rumi was Muslim; they assume he must have spent his life persecuted for his beliefs, hiding in some cave in Afghanistan. We talk of clash of civilizations, and yet there’s this link that needs to be spelled out.† (Rumi’s success in America has actually boosted his popularity, Mojaddedi says, in parts of the Middle East.) But for many readers, Rumi’s Persian background has little bearing on the force of his poems. He has come to embody a kind of free-for-all American spirituality that has as much to do with Walt Whitman as Muhammad. Rumi’s work has become so universal that it can mean anything; readers use the poems for recreational self-discovery, finding in the lines whatever they wish. â€Å"It’s impossible to take Rumi out of context,† says Shahram Shiva, a Rumi translator and performance poet who regularly gives readings of Rumi’s poems, often in yoga studios. â€Å"Great art doesn’t need context,† he says. â€Å"The best thing for Beethoven’s popularity was when they put a disco beat behind Symphony no. 5.† Shiva recites Rumi to the accompaniment of flute, piccolo, piano, conch shell, and harmonica and belts out the lines in a deep, sultry Broadway voice. â€Å"Rumi’s one of the great creative beings on this planet,† he says, â€Å"a mixture of Mozart and Francis [of] Assisi, with a little Galileo thrown in, and maybe some Shakespeare and Dante.† In his most anthologized poems Rumi comes off as a saintly Tony Robbins, urging people to break barriers, stop worrying, touch the sky, make love, never surrender. It’s as if publishers worry that reading poetry is such a fragile enterprise that too much weight and context and not enough sex will scare everyone away. Helminski, who used to run a publishing company that put out Barks’s early books, noticed a consistent sensibility in the lines readers were requesting permission to quote: those suggesting that there’s no conventional morality, no such thing as ethical failure. The number one requested line was â€Å"Out beyond ideas of wrongdoing and rightdoing / there is a field. I’ll meet you there.† â€Å"Our culture is so shame-ridden that when someone comes along and says, ‘You’re OK,’ it’s a great relief,† says Helminski. â€Å"Americans still have an adolescent relationship with Rumi. It will take some maturing before we move beyond the clichà ©s.†

Egypt & the Pyramids Essay Example for Free

Egypt the Pyramids Essay Has it ever occurred to anyone who was the mastermind behind the great pyramids? Who could have built such a magnificent structure back then with such poor construction, transportation and organization. Well, I strongly advocate the concept of Egyptians building the Great Pyramids because there is plenty of evidence conveying this. Many journalists or Egyptologists may agree that it is a true fact that people built it with the aid of technology. Margaret Sears a journalist bases one of her articles specifically on Who built the Great Pyramid? (1990). She provides ample evidence supporting Egyptians being the builders and labourers of the Great Pyramids in Egypt. There are three main points that substantiate the production of the Great Egyptian Pyramids which are transportation, construction and organization. Since, the great pyramids have been built they have always been a controversial topic. Many people agree that the Egyptians were the ones who formed innumerable piles of bricks into the Great Pyramids. But, before building such a complex structure the Egyptians were quite intellectual and focussed on organization. The Egyptians were originally inspired to build the pyramids by religious conviction and were fully committed to take on the critical task. The Egyptians were able to determine the site of pyramids by religious beliefs. They decided to place the Pyramids on the west bank of the Nile because they asserted that the west was the dwelling place of the dead. This is where all the majestic and honourable people would be kept mainly pharaohs that accomplished major achievements. But, the most essential factor for building a marvellous structure was the authoritarian god-king. The article Who built the Great Pyramids elucidates that during the influential pharaoh, Khufus reign Egypt was rich, united and at peace which allowed the authoritarian god-king to focus all attention on the salient task. Which moves onto how the Egyptians were able to transport the heavy loads of material efficiently. One of the biggest absurd concerns about the Great Pyramids is how they were able to transport the massive amounts of stone blocks to long distances. In Margaret Sears article in 1990 she clearly states how did the Egyptian cut and moved the stone blocks? The evidence that has been provided to substantiate it is in the Cairo museum where there are many wooden rollers, rafts and sleds that are displayed. We also assume that they may have used ramps to speed the process. Evidence also shows that coniferous wood was imported from Phoenicia at the same time of Sneferu. Which distinctly portrays that wood was available when required because Khufus wooden funerary boat was found buried beside the pyramid, along with abundant quantities of rope. The article provides affirm proof of a picture from the later tomb of Djehutihotep showing 152 men moving a huge statue of the pharaoh on a wooden sled. The picture asserts that to lessen the friction of the 53.5 ton load, a liquid is poured along the route. The famous architecture from France Henri Chevier inquires and discerns that a man who would be harnessed to a rope can lift 1 ton blocks on a slippery and hazardous path of Nile mud. He distinguishes with team of workers, they could easily transport 2.2 tons of blocks that made up most of the pyramid. Also, using pulleys and ropes the labourers could drag the stone up the embankments of earth and once the project was terminated they could have simply removed the earth. Lastly, you must ponder how the Egyptians were able to build the marvellous pyramids with such intricacy and embellishment. Since, they were formerly able to envision the elegant and regal edifice all that was left was building. Which leads to the last essential component to creating the structure which is construction. We know that the Egyptians had sophisticated tools to enhance the complexity of the structure. Evidence shows that tools for cutting the stone included copper chisels, dolerite hammers and wooden wedges. All of these constructive tools were enough to carve beautiful and impressive lines and drawings considering we are able to see the final edifice ourselves in Egypt. Margaret Sears says that the feat was accomplished by trimming the blocks before they were hauled into places. All of this could not have been done by the ordinary labourer but, this is where the stonemasons come in. Since the stonemasons were experts, they cleaned up and smoothed the outer limestone surfaces. The Egyptians were also able to get plenty of limestone from the Gizeh Plateau south of the pyramid. In 1988 Leher and Zahi Sawass enclosed a series of galleries and excavations of some galleries revealed bits of flint blade, copper, sandstone rubbers which were used to polish stone and grinding pigments. There were many other excavations found such as bread and bear and grain which was the food for the labourers. All this evidence and support solidifies that Egyptians were the ones whom constructed the Great Pyramids. Now, that most of us agree that Egyptians were the builders of one of the most famous wonders of the world there is a weakness in this alternative. Many of the evidences provided in this article gives us a lot of knowledge about The Great Pyramids, but the author does not provide enough details to absolutely convince the reader that the pyramids did not drop from the sky. The alternative however, does sustain the topic but doesnt provide complete details which the audience would be curious about such as when excavations of transportations were discovered or when the Khufus funerary boat was buried beside the pyramids before or after. The author leaves these vague phrases and statements leaving the reader skeptical. But, the main motive why I choose this alternative was because it provided a basic sense that people used special ramps and transportation to create the pyramid themselves. I also think that logically only humans could have built the pyramids with sophisticated equipment and I highly doubt that the gods created them because of all the excavations located. I found this alternative to ultimately be the most convincing because of the basic evidence provided that ramps aided them to build the great pyramids. Therefore, plenty of evidence shows historians that the Egyptians built the Great Pyramids themselves. The three key elements which support the concept of Egyptians building the pyramids are organization, transportation and construction. In my opinion another point of view that can be brought up is if the pyramids were made by moulds which could be possible but, I dont agree because there is not much evidence to support it. Overall, Margaret Sears and Clifford Wilson are promoting the accurate message that the Egyptians built the Great Pyramids with teams of workers and technology.